%0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2024 %T Family-focused universal substance use prevention in primary care: Advancing a pragmatic national healthcare agenda %A Hogue, Aaron %A Brykman, Kelsey %A Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent %A Ilakkuvan, Vinu %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Matson, Pamela %A McKnight, Erin R. %A Powell, Terrinieka W. %A Richter, Linda %A Walker-Harding, Leslie R. %B Prevention Science %V 25 %P 307-317 %8 02/2024 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s11121-023-01584-4 %0 Journal Article %J Addictive Behaviors %D 2024 %T Longitudinal associations between adult-supervised drinking during adolescence and alcohol misuse from ages 25-31 years: A comparison of Australia and the United States %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Le, Vi T. %A McMorris, Barbara J. %A Merrin, Gabriel J. %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Batmaz, Ebru A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %B Addictive Behaviors %V 153 %G eng %& 107984 %R 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107984 %0 Journal Article %J Health Affairs Forefront %D 2024 %T Prevention: The missing link in our efforts to support families impacted by the opioid epidemic %A Leighty, Jim %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Cooper, Brittany %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Oxford, Monica L. %A Peavy, K. Michelle %A Walker-Harding, Leslie R. %B Health Affairs Forefront %V February 9 %8 02/09/2024 %G eng %R 10.1377/forefront.20240207.380985 %0 Journal Article %J Injury Prevention %D 2024 %T Strategies for recruiting adolescents in rural areas in firearm injury research %A Weybright, Elizabeth H. %A Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali %E Hall, Ashley %E Ellyson, Alice %E Varrella, Gary %E Kuklinski, Margaret R. %E Gause, Emma %E Schleimer, Julia %E Dalve, Kimberly %B Injury Prevention %V Advance online publication. doi:10.1136/ip-2023-045104 %8 01/11/2024 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescent Health %D 2023 %T Adolescent predictors of deliberate self-harm thoughts and behavior among young adults: A longitudinal cross-national study %A Taliaferro, Lindsay A. %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A McMorris, Barbara J. %B Journal of Adolescent Health %V 73 %P 61-69 %8 07/2023 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.022 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Human Trafficking %D 2023 %T Community-based child trafficking prevention in Ghana: A rights-based approach %A Agyemang, Eric O. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Spencer, Michael S. %A Spearmon, Margaret L. %B Journal of Human Trafficking %V Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/23322705.2023.2259785 %8 10/1023 %G eng %R 10.1080/23322705.2023.2259785 %0 Journal Article %J JAMA Network Open %D 2023 %T Effect of the Communities That Care prevention system on adolescent handgun carrying: A cluster-randomized clinical trial %A Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Gause, Emma L. %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Ellyson, Alice M. %A Schleimer, Julia P. %A Dalve, Kimberly %A Weybright, Elizabeth H. %A Briney, John S. %A Hawkins, J David %B JAMA Network Open %V 6 %P e236699 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6699 %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Preventive Medicine %D 2023 %T Effects of cannabis legalization on adolescent cannabis use across 3 studies %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Tiberio, SS %A Kerr, DCR %A Epstein, M %A Henry, KL %A Capaldi, DM %B American Journal of Preventive Medicine %V 64 %P 361-367 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.09.019 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Public Child Welfare %D 2023 %T Evaluation of a brief foster parent/ case worker training to support relationship building skills and acceptance of LGBTQ+ youth in care %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Barkan, Susan E. %A Rankin, Leah F. %A Woo, Cossette B. %A Rozekova, Ivana %A Fowler, Nathan E. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Shogren, Dae %A Salzer, Amber %B Journal of Public Child Welfare %V 17 %P 213-237 %G eng %N 1 %0 Journal Article %J Children and Youth Services Review %D 2023 %T Family, mental health, and placement outcomes of a low-cost preventive intervention for youth in foster care %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Barkan, Susan E. %A Caouette, Justin D. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Hanson, Koren G. %B Children and Youth Services Review %V 150 %P 106973 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106973 %0 Journal Article %J Children and Youth Services Review %D 2023 %T Fostering Higher Education: Preliminary Findings from a small randomized pilot study %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Spiers, Sara S. %A Bennett, Maija %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Children and Youth Services Review %V 150 %P 106991 %8 05/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Health Promotion Practice %D 2023 %T Health and social vulnerabilities among unstably housed and homeless young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A McMorris, Barbara J. %A Gewirtz O’Brien, Janna R. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %B Health Promotion Practice %V Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/15248399231217447 %8 12/2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health %D 2023 %T Health of young adults experiencing social marginalization and vulnerability: A cross-national longitudinal study %A Heerde, JA %A Merrin, GJ %A Le, VT %A Toumbourou, JW %A Bailey, JA %B International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health %V 20 %P 1711 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.3390/ijerph20031711 %0 Journal Article %J American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (APSAC) Advisor %D 2023 %T Income, ethnicity, and equality: Assessing racial disparities in foster care using a self-sufficiency range %A Koren Hanson %A Caouette, Justin %A Haggerty, Kevin %A Skinner, Martie %A Barkan, Susan %A Davis, Adam %A Sparkle, Bethany %A Packard, W B %B American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (APSAC) Advisor %V 35 %P 32-49 %G eng %U http://apsaclibrary.org/publications_all.php# %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2023 %T "Letting Go and Staying Connected": Substance use outcomes from a developmentally targeted intervention for parents of college students %A Hill, L G %A Matthew Bumpus %A Kevin P. Haggerty %A Richard F. Catalano %A Cooper, B R %A Martie L. Skinner %B Prevention Science %V 24 %P 1174-1186 %8 03/2023 %G eng %U https://rdcu.be/c7W65 %N 6 %R 10.1007/s11121-023-01520-6 %0 Book Section %B Handbook of Social Sciences and Global Public Health %D 2023 %T Mental health among homeless people %A Heerde, JA %A Bailey, JA %B Handbook of Social Sciences and Global Public Health %I Springer International Publishing %C Cham %G eng %R 10.1007/978-3-030-96778-9_113-1 %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2023 %T Methodological strategies for prospective harmonization of studies: Application to 10 distinct outcomes studies of preventive interventions targeting opioid misuse %A Ridenour, Ty %A Cruden, Gracelyn %A Yang, Yang %A Bonar, Erin %A Rodriguez, Anthony %A Saavedra, Lissette %A Hussong, Andrea %A Walton, Maureen %A Deeds, Bethany %A Ford, Jodi %A Knight, Danica %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Stormshak, Elizabeth %A Kominsky, Terrence %A Ahrens, Kim %A Woodward, Diane %A Feng, Xin %A Fiellin, Lynn %A Wilens, Timothy %A Klein, David %A Fernandes, Claudia-Santi %B Prevention Science %V 24(Suppl. 1) %P S16-S29 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2023 %T Prevention of opioid use and disorder among youth involved in the legal system: Innovation and implementation of four studies funded by the NIDA HEAL Initiative %A Ahrens, Kim %A Blackburn, Natalie %A Aalsma, Matthew %A Haggerty, Kevin %A Kelleher, Kelly %A Knight, Danica K. %A Joseph, Elizabeth %A Mulford, Carrie %A Ryle, Ted %A Tolou-Shams, Marina %B Prevention Science %V 24(Suppl. 1) %P S99-S110 %G eng %R 10.1007/s11121-023-01566-6 %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2023 %T Testing cross-generational effects of the Raising Healthy Children intervention on young adult offspring of intervention participants %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Pandika, Danielle %A Le, Vi T. %A Epstein, Marina %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Hawkins, J David %B Prevention Science %V 24 %P 1376-1385 %8 10/1023 %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1007/s11121-023-01583-5 %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2023 %T Two-year risk behavior outcomes from Connecting, a prevention program for caregivers and youth in foster care %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Barkan, Susan E. %A Caouette, Justin D. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Hanson, Koren %B Prevention Science %V 24 %P 15-26 %G eng %N 1 %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2022 %T Adolescent antecedents of young adult homelessness: A cross-national path analysis %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Rowland, Bosco %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Prevention Science %V 23 %P 85-95 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1007/s11121-021-01267-y %0 Journal Article %J Drug and Alcohol Dependence %D 2022 %T Associations of attention problems and family context in childhood and adolescence with young adult daily smoking: General and smoking-specific family contexts %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Jeong, Chung H. %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Kosterman, Rick %B Drug and Alcohol Dependence %V 240 %P 109629 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Youth and Adolescence %D 2022 %T Cumulative neighborhood risk and subsequent internalizing behavior among Asian American adolescents %A Lee, Woo J. %A Hackman, Daniel A. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Kosterman, Rick %A Lee, Jungeun O. %B Journal of Youth and Adolescence %V 51 %P 1733-1744 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1007/s10964-022-01623-3 %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2022 %T Development and implementation of Businesses That Care in Zacatecas, Mexico %A Brown, Eric C. %A Montero-Zamora, Pablo %A Ortíz-Garcia, Jorge %A Aviles, Kathelyn %A Beaulieu, Dalene %A Haggerty, Kevin P %B Prevention Science %V 23 %P 663-673 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Drug & Alcohol Dependence %D 2022 %T Is e-cigarette use associated with better health and functioning among smokers approaching midlife? %A Kosterman, Rick %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Hawkins, J D %B Drug & Alcohol Dependence %V 234 %P 109395 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Academic Pediatrics %D 2022 %T Factors associated with trajectories of externalizing behavior in preschoolers %A Martin-Herz, Susanne P. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Neilands, Torsten B. %A Sterling, Mona %A Christakis, Dimitri A. %B Academic Pediatrics %V 22 %P 1212-1220 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Contemporary Clinical Trials %D 2022 %T Parent-focused prevention of adolescent health risk behavior: Study protocol for a multisite cluster-randomized trial implemented in pediatric primary care %A Scheuer, Hannah %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Sterling, Stacy A. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Beck, Arne %A Braciszewski, Jordan %A Boggs, Jennifer %A Hawkins, J D %A Loree, Amy M. %A Weisner, Constance %A Carey, Susan %A Elsiss, Farah %A Morse, Erica %A Negusse, Rahel %A Jessen, Andrew %A Kline-Simon, Andrea %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Quesenberry, Charles %A Sofrygin, Oleg %A Yoon, Tae %B Contemporary Clinical Trials %V 112 %P 106621 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Australian Journal of Social Issues %D 2022 %T A population-based study of homelessness, antisocial behaviour, and violence victimisation among young adults in Victoria, Australia %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Patton, George C. %A Toumbourou, John W. %B Australian Journal of Social Issues %V 57 %P 762-782 %8 2022 %G eng %N 4 %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2022 %T State-of-the-art in substance use prevention and early intervention: Applications to pediatric primary care settings %A Matson, Pamela A. %A Ridenour, Ty %A Ialongo, Nicholas %A Spoth, Richard %A Prado, Guillermo %A Hammond, Christopher J. %A Hawkins, J D %A Adger, Hoover, Jr. %B Prevention Science %V 23 %P 204-211 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Substance Use and Misuse %D 2022 %T Substance-specific risk factors among young adults: Potential prevention targets across cannabis-permissive environments %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Hultgren, Brittney %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Parker, Myra %A Briney, John S %A White, Helene R. %B Substance Use and Misuse %V 57 %P 1923-1930 %G eng %N 13 %0 Journal Article %J JAMA Network Open %D 2022 %T Trajectories of handgun carrying in rural communities from early adolescence to young adulthood %A Ellyson, Alice M. %A Gause, Emma %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Briney, John S. %A Weybright, Elizabeth H. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Lyons, Vivian H. %A Schleimer, Julia P. %A Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali %B JAMA Network Open %V 5 %P e225127 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Social Problems %D 2022 %T The usual, racialized, suspects: The consequence of police contacts with Black and White youth on adult arrest %A McGlynn-Wright, Anne %A Crutchfield, Robert D. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Social Problems %V 69 %P 299-315 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health %D 2022 %T Young adult development indicators for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people: A cross-national longitudinal study %A Doery, E %A Satyen, L %A Paradies, Y %A Rowland, B %A Bailey, JA %A Heerde, JA %A Renner, H %A Smith, R %A Toumbourou, JW %B International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health %V 19 %P 17087 %G eng %N 24 %R 10.3390/ijerph192417084 %0 Journal Article %J Healthcare %D 2021 %T Accounting for quality improvement during the conduct of embedded pragmatic clinical trials within healthcare systems: NIH collaboratory case studies %A Tuzzio, Leah %A Meyers, Catherine M. %A Dember, Laura M. %A Grudzen, Corita R. %A Melnick, Edward R. %A Staman, Karen L. %A Huang, Susan S. %A Richards, Julie %A DeBar, Lynn %A Vazquez, Miguel A. %A Green, Beverly B. %A Coronado, Gloria D. %A Jarvik, Jeffrey G. %A Braciszewski, Jordan %A Ho, P. Michael %A Wells, Barbara L. %A James, Kathryn %A Toto, Robert %A D'Onofrio, Gail %A Volandes, Angelo %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Catalano, Richard F %A Sterling, Stacy A. %A Morse, Erica F. %A Curtis, Lesley %A Larson, Eric B. %B Healthcare %V 8(Suppl 1) %P 100432 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Nicotine & Tobacco Research %D 2021 %T Adult social environments and the use of combustible and electronic cigarettes: Opportunities for reducing smoking in the 30s %A Kosterman, Rick %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Furlong, Madeline %A Hawkins, J D %B Nicotine & Tobacco Research %I Oxford University Press %V 23 %P 518-526 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology %D 2021 %T Applying the social development model in middle childhood to promote healthy development: Effects from primary school through the 30s and across generations %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Hawkins, J D %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Cambron, Christopher %A Farrington, David P. %B Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology %V 7 %P 66-86 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Injury Epidemiology %D 2021 %T Barriers to recruitment, retention and intervention delivery in a randomized trial among patients with firearm injuries %A Floyd, Anthony S. %A Lyons, Vivian H. %A Whiteside, Lauren K. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Rivara, Frederick P. %A Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali %B Injury Epidemiology %V 8 %P 37 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Children and Youth Services Review %D 2021 %T Characteristics and competencies of successful resource parents working in Indian Country: A systematic review of the research %A Day, Angelique G. %A Murphy, Kerrie S. %A Drywater-Whitekiller, Virginia %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Children and Youth Services Review %V 121 %P 105834 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Interpersonal Violence %D 2021 %T Does educational success mitigate the effect of child maltreatment on later offending patterns? %A Jung, Hyunzee %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Rousson, Ashley N. %B Journal of Interpersonal Violence %V 36 %P NP1833–NP1855 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs %D 2021 %T Does parents' age at first birth moderate intergenerational continuity in early-onset cannabis use? %A Henry, Kimberly L. %A Agbeke, Della V. %A Tiberio, Stacey S. %A Kerr, David C. R. %A Capaldi, Deborah M. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Epstein, Marina %B Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs %V 82 %P 470-475 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Delinquency and substance use in Europe: Understanding risk and protective factors %D 2021 %T Foreword %A Hawkins, J D %E Farrington, David P. %E Jonkman, Harrie %E Groeger-Roth, Frederick %B Delinquency and substance use in Europe: Understanding risk and protective factors %I Springer Nature %C Cham, Switzerland %P v-ix %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery %D 2021 %T Helping individuals with firearm injuries: A cluster randomized trial %A Lyons, Vivian H. %A Floyd, Anthony S. %A Griffin, Elizabeth %A Wang, Jin %A Hajat, Anjum %A Carone, Marco %A Benkeser, David %A Whiteside, Lauren %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Rivara, Frederick P. %A Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali %B Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery %V 90 %P 722-730 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescence %D 2021 %T Life-course predictors of homelessness from adolescence into adulthood: A population-based cohort study %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Kelly, Adrian B. %A McMorris, Barbara J. %A Patton, George C. %A Toumbourou, John W. %B Journal of Adolescence %V 91 %P 15-24 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs %D 2021 %T Longitudinal consequences of adolescent alcohol use under different policy contexts in Australia and the United States %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Epstein, Marina %A Catalano, Richard F. %A McMorris, Barbara J. %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Clancy, Elizabeth %A Rowland, Bosco %A Toumbourou, John W. %B Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs %V 82 %P 377-386 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2021 %T Long-term impacts and benefit-cost analysis of the Communities That Care prevention system at age 23, 12 years after baseline %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Briney, John S %A Hawkins, J D %B Prevention Science %V 22 %P 452-463 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Handbook of evidence-based prevention of behavioral disorders in integrated care: A stepped care approach %D 2021 %T Marijuana use %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Heerde, Jess %A Kelly, Adrian %A Bailey, Jen %E O’Donohue, William %E Zimmermann, Martha %B Handbook of evidence-based prevention of behavioral disorders in integrated care: A stepped care approach %I Springer %C Cham, Switzerland %P 251-265 %G eng %& 11 %0 Journal Article %J Children and Youth Services Review %D 2021 %T Proximal outcomes of Connecting, an evidence-based, family-focused prevention program for caregivers of adolescents in foster care %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Barkan, Susan E. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Hanson, Koren %B Children and Youth Services Review %V 126 %P 106009 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Drug and Alcohol Dependence %D 2021 %T The role of electronic cigarette use for quitting or reducing combustible cigarette use in the 30s: Longitudinal changes and moderated relationships %A Kosterman, Rick %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Furlong, Madeline %A Hawkins, J D %B Drug and Alcohol Dependence %7 July 28 %V 227 %P 108940 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Public Child Welfare %D 2021 %T Systematic literature review of foster and adoptive caregiver factors for increasing placement stability and permanency %A Vanderwill, Lori A. %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Jenkins, Garrett %A De Larwelle, Jessica %A McMahon, Amanda K. %A Day, Angelique %A Haggerty, Kevin %B Journal of Public Child Welfare %V 15 %P 487-527 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Children and Youth Services Review %D 2020 %T Assessing caregiver usability of the National Training and Development Curriculum for Foster and Adoptive Parents %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Day, Angelique %A Feltner, Alanna %A Lopez, Jacquelene M. %A Garcia-Rosales, Katherine V. %A Vanderwill, Lori A. %A Boo, Mary %A Ornelas, Laura A. %A Wright, Leslie B. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Children and Youth Services Review %V 114 %P 105031 %G eng %0 Book %D 2020 %T Cannabis Concentration and Health Risks. A report for the Washington State Prevention Research Subcommittee %A Carlini, Beatriz %A Barbosa-Leiker, Celestina %A Cuttler, Carrie %A Dilley, Julia %A Firth, Caislin %A Haggerty, Kevin %A Kilmer, Jason %A McDonnell, Mike %A Stella, Nephi %A Walker, Denise %A Willits, Dale %A Broschart, Sara %A Ehrlich, Trecia %A Haley, Kristin %A Steele, Christine %A Wilhelm, Liz %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %D 2020 %T Commentary: Understanding the intergenerational transmission of substance use and problem behavior: Implications for future research and preventive interventions %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Carlini, Beatriz H. %B Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %V 34 %P 894-897 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Safe, supportive, and inclusive learning environments for young people in crisis and trauma: Plaiting the rope %D 2020 %T Demographic and socioeconomic predictors of school suspension: A longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States %A Hemphill, Sheryl A. %A Plenty, Stephanie M. %A Bond, Lyndal %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Catalano, Richard F. %E Towl, Patty %E Hemphill, Sheryl A. %B Safe, supportive, and inclusive learning environments for young people in crisis and trauma: Plaiting the rope %I Routledge %C New York, NY %P 27-39 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Addictive Behaviors %D 2020 %T Evaluating the effect of retail marijuana legalization on parent marijuana use frequency and norms in U.S. states with retail marijuana legalization %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Furlong, Madeline %A Hill, Karl G. %B Addictive Behaviors %V 111 %P 106564 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Criminology and Public Policy %D 2020 %T Evidence-based juvenile justice programs and practices: A critical review %A Elliott, Delbert S. %A Buckley, Pamela R. %A Gottfredson, Denise C. %A Hawkins, J D %A Tolan, Patrick H. %B Criminology and Public Policy %V 19 %P 1305-1328 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Research on Social Work Practice %D 2020 %T Fidelity assessment of a social work-led intervention among patients with firearm injuries %A Lyons, Vivian H. %A Benson, Lina R. %A Griffin, Elizabeth %A Floyd, Anthony S. %A Kiche, Sharon W. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Whiteside, Lauren %A Conover, Sarah %A Herman, Daniel B. %A Rivara, Frederick P. %A Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali %B Research on Social Work Practice %V 30 %P 678-687 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Parity %D 2020 %T Homelessness among young people: Advancing prevention approaches %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Patton, George C. %B Parity %V 33(3) %P 39-40 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health %D 2020 %T Identifying and predicting criminal career profiles from adolescence to age 39 %A Kim, B K E %A Gilman, Amanda B. %A Tan, Kevin P. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Hawkins, J D %B Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health %V 30 %P 210-220 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %D 2020 %T Intergenerational associations in onset of cannabis use during adolescence: A data synthesis approach %A Tiberio, Stacey S. %A Kerr, David C. R. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Henry, Kimberly L. %A Capaldi, Deborah M. %B Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %V 34 %P 877-899 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %D 2020 %T An intergenerational investigation of the associations between parental marijuana use trajectories and child functioning %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Furlong, Madeline %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Hill, Karl G. %B Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %V 48 %P 830-838 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications %D 2020 %T Investigating the efficacy of a self-directed parenting intervention to reduce risky behaviors among college students: Study protocol for a multi-arm hybrid type 2 randomized control trial %A Cooper, Brittany %A Hill, Laura G. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Skinner, Martie %A Bumpus, Matthew F. %A Borah, Porismita %A Casey-Goldstein, Mary %A Catalano, Richard %B Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications %V 19 %P 100627 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2020 %T Longitudinal associations between early-mid adolescent risk and protective factors and young adult homelessness in Australia and the United States %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Rowland, Bosco %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Prevention Science %V 21 %P 557-567 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Preventive Medicine %D 2020 %T Marijuana legalization and youth marijuana, alcohol, and cigarette use and norms %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Epstein, Marina %A Roscoe, Joseph N. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Kosterman, Rick %A Hill, Karl G. %B American Journal of Preventive Medicine %V 59 %P 309-316 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Substance Use and Misuse %D 2020 %T Neighborhood deprivation moderates shared and unique environmental influences on hazardous drinking: Findings from a cross-sectional co-twin study %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Fleming, Charles B. %A Tsang, Siny %A Horn, Erin %A Kosterman, Rick %A Duncan, Glen E. %B Substance Use and Misuse %V 55 %P 1625-1632 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2020 %T Neighborhood structural factors and proximal risk for youth substance use %A Cambron, Christopher %A Kosterman, Rick %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Hawkins, J D %B Prevention Science %V 21 %P 508-518 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J JAMA Pediatrics %D 2020 %T Outcomes of childhood preventive intervention across 2 generations: A nonrandomized controlled trial %A Hill, Karl G. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Epstein, Marina %A Abbott, Robert D. %B JAMA Pediatrics %I American Medical Association %V 174 %P 764-771 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %D 2020 %T Parents’ perceptions of adolescent exposure to marijuana following legalization in Washington State %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Eisenberg, Nicole %A Kosterman, Rick %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %V 11 %P 21-38 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Children and Youth Services Review %D 2020 %T Prevalence of homelessness and co-occurring problems: A comparison of young adults in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Rowland, Bosco %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Children and Youth Services Review %V 109 %P 104692 %G eng %0 Book Section %B The encyclopedia of child and adolescent development %D 2020 %T Prevention of adolescent mental, emotional, and behavioral health disorders: A global perspective %A Fagan, Abigail A. %A Lewis, Amanda N. %A Catalano, Richard F. %E Hupp, Stephen %E Jewell, Jeremy D. %B The encyclopedia of child and adolescent development %I John Wiley and Sons %C Hoboken, NJ %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sexuality Research and Social Policy %D 2020 %T Supporting LGBTQ+ foster teens: Development of a relationship-focused, self-guided curriculum for foster families %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Barkan, Susan E. %A Peterson, Rachel %A Furlong, Madeline E. %A Kim, Eunsaem %A Cole, Janice J. %A Colito, Jessica M. %B Sexuality Research and Social Policy %V 17 %P 239-251 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %D 2020 %T A trait-like propensity to experience internalizing symptoms is associated with problem alcohol involvement across adulthood, but not adolescence %A King, Kevin M. %A Feil, Madison C. %A Halvorson, Max A. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Hawkins, J D %B Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %V 34 %P 756–771 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Child & Family Social Work %D 2019 %T Adapting the Friends of the Children programme for child welfare system-involved families %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Walsh, Susan %A Noell, Bailey %A Kelley-Siel, Erinn %B Child & Family Social Work %V 24 %P 430-440 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %D 2019 %T Assessing an adapted approach to Communities That Care for child maltreatment prevention %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Briney, John S. %A Vann, Terri %A Vinson, Jean %A Lansing, Michaele %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Pecora, Peter J. %A de Haan, Benjamin %B Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %V 10 %P 349-369 %G eng %0 Book %D 2019 %T Communities That Care: Building community engagement and capacity to prevent youth behavior problems %A Fagan, Abigail A. %A Hawkins, J D %A Farrington, David P. %A Catalano, Richard F. %I Oxford University Press %C New York, NY %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2019 %T Effectiveness of Facebook groups to boost participation in a parenting intervention %A Epstein, Marina %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Prevention Science %V 20 %P 894-903 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2019 %T Effects of social development intervention in childhood on adult life at ages 30 to 39 %A Kosterman, Rick %A Hawkins, J D %A Hill, Karl G. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Abbott, Robert D. %B Prevention Science %V 20 %P 986-995 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Behavioral Medicine %D 2019 %T Firearm-related behaviors following firearm injury: Changes in ownership, carrying and storage %A Lyons, Vivian H. %A Rivara, Frederick P. %A Yan, A N-X %A Currier, Cara %A Ballsmith, Erin %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Whiteside, Lauren %A Floyd, Anthony S. %A Hajat, Anjum %A Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali %B Journal of Behavioral Medicine %V 42 %P 658-673 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Violence Against Women %D 2019 %T Gender differences in intimate partner violence: A predictive analysis of IPV by child abuse and domestic violence exposure during early childhood %A Jung, Hyunzee %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Klika, J B %A Rousson, Ashley N. %B Violence Against Women %V 25 %P 903-924 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2019 %T General and specific predictors of comorbid substance use and internalizing problems from adolescence to age 33 %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Epstein, Marina %A Hill, Karl G. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Hawkins, J D %B Prevention Science %I Springer %V 20 %P 705-714 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2019 %T The interplay between marijuana-specific risk factors and marijuana use over the course of adolescence %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A White, Helene R. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Hawkins, J D %B Prevention Science %V 20 %P 235-245 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %D 2019 %T The link between parental smoking and youth externalizing behaviors: Effects of smoking, psychosocial factors, and family characteristics %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Epstein, Marina %A Hill, Karl G. %B Psychology of Addictive Behaviors %I American Psychological Association %V 33 %P 243-253 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Criminal Justice %D 2019 %T Longitudinal associations among depression, substance abuse, and crime: A test of competing hypotheses for driving mechanisms %A Kim, B K E %A Gilman, Amanda B. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Hill, Karl G. %B Journal of Criminal Justice %V 62 %P 50-57 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Frontiers in Psychiatry %D 2019 %T Longitudinal associations between the adolescent family environment and young adult substance use in Australia and the United States %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Frontiers in Psychiatry %V 10:821 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J JAMA Network Open %D 2019 %T The need for long-term follow-ups of delinquency prevention experiments %A Farrington, David P. %A Hawkins, J D %B JAMA Network Open %V 2 %P e190780 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Annals of Behavioral Medicine %D 2019 %T Neighborhood poverty increases risk for daily smoking from age 30 to 39 %A Cambron, Christopher %A Kosterman, Rick %A Hawkins, J D %B Annals of Behavioral Medicine %V 53 %P 858-864 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2019 %T Optimizing assessment of risk and protection for diverse adolescent outcomes: Do risk and protective factors for delinquency and substance use also predict risky sexual behavior? %A Fleming, Christopher M. %A Eisenberg, Nicole %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Cambron, Christopher %A Hawkins, J D %A Hobbs, Tim %A Berman, Ilene %A Fleming, Tammi %A Watrous, Jessie %B Prevention Science %V 20 %P 788-799 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Child and Family Studies %D 2019 %T Parenting practices in the context of legal marijuana: Voices from Seattle parents %A Eisenberg, Nicole %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Journal of Child and Family Studies %V 28 %P 587-598 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Contemporary School Psychology %D 2019 %T Predicting school suspension risk from eighth through tenth grade using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire %A Gross, Thomas J. %A Duncan, Jenna %A Kim, Samuel Y. %A Mason, W. A %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Contemporary School Psychology %V 23 %P 270-289 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions %D 2019 %T Promoting SBIRT training for social work students across field settings %A Tajima, Emiko %A McCowan, Kristin J. %A Lindhorst, Taryn %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Rivara, J B %A Schack, Steve %A Ramey, Anastasia %A Jackson, T. Ron %B Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions %V 19 %P 108-123 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Criminal Justice %D 2019 %T Reciprocal associations between early adolescent antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Curtis, Ashlee %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Smith, Rachel %A Hemphill, Sheryl A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %B Journal of Criminal Justice %V 62 %P 74-86 %G eng %0 Book Section %B The Oxford handbook of developmental and life-course criminology %D 2019 %T The social development model %A Cambron, Christopher %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Hawkins, J D %E Farrington, David P. %E Kazemian, Lila %E Piquero, Alex R. %B The Oxford handbook of developmental and life-course criminology %I Oxford University Press %C New York, NY %P 224-247 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Drug and Alcohol Dependence %D 2019 %T Time-varying effects of family smoking and family management on adolescent daily smoking: The moderating roles of behavioral disinhibition and anxiety %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Epstein, Marina %A Hill, Karl G. %A Kristman-Valente, Allison N. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Kosterman, Rick %B Drug and Alcohol Dependence %V 204 %P 107572 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Preventive Medicine %D 2019 %T The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's opportunity to pursue a new strategy for behavioral health %A Counts, Nathaniel Z. %A Hawkins, J D %A Fishbein, Diana H. %B American Journal of Preventive Medicine %V 56 %P 315-317 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Youth and Adolescence %D 2019 %T Young adult unemployment and later depression and anxiety: Does childhood neighborhood matter? %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Yoon, Yoewon %A Hackman, Daniel A. %A Yoo, Joan P. %A Kosterman, Rick %B Journal of Youth and Adolescence %V 48 %P 30-42 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Public Health %D 2018 %T Adolescent age of sexual initiation and subsequent adult health outcomes %A Epstein, Marina %A Furlong, Madeline %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A King, Kevin M. %A Vasilenko, Sara A. %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Hill, Karl G. %B American Journal of Public Health %V 108 %P 822-828 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Public Health %D 2018 %T Childhood neighborhood context and adult substance use problems: The role of socio-economic status at the age of 30 years %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Cambron, Christopher %A Rhew, Isaac %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Hill, Karl G. %B Public Health %V 165 %P 58-66 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescent Health %D 2018 %T Concurrent and prospective associations between substance-specific parenting practices and child cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Epstein, Marina %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Hill, Karl G. %B Journal of Adolescent Health %V 62 %P 681-687 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Child Welfare %D 2018 %T Developing relationship-building tools for foster families caring for teens who are LGBTQ2S %A Salazar, Amy M. %A McCowan, Kristin J. %A Cole, Janice J. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Noell, Bailey R. %A Colito, Jessica M. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Barkan, Susan E. %B Child Welfare %V 96 %P 75-97 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Orthopsychiatry %D 2018 %T Direct and indirect effects of child abuse and environmental stress: A lifecourse perspective on adversity and depressive symptoms %A Sousa, Cindy %A Mason, W. A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Prince, Dana %A Herrenkohl, Roy C. %A Russo, M J %B American Journal of Orthopsychiatry %V 88 %P 180-188 %G eng %! Am J Orthopsychiatry %0 Journal Article %J Evaluation and the Health Professions %D 2018 %T Effects of exposure to the Communities That Care prevention system on youth problem behaviors in a community-randomized trial: Employing an inverse probability weighting approach %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Coffman, Donna %A Hawkins, J D %B Evaluation and the Health Professions %V 41 %P 270-289 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Grand challenges for social work and society %D 2018 %T Ensure healthy development for all youth %A Jenson, Jeffrey M. %A Hawkins, J D %E Fong, Rowena %E Lubben, James %E Barth, Richard P. %B Grand challenges for social work and society %I Oxford University Press %C New York, NY %P 18-35 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Preventive Medicine %D 2018 %T Implementing the Communities That Care prevention system: Challenges, solutions, and opportunities in an urban setting %A Brady, Sonya S. %A Parker, Capetra J. %A Jeffries, Elijah F. %A Simpson, Tina Y. %A Brooke-Weiss, Blair L. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B American Journal of Preventive Medicine %V 55 %P S70-S81 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Child & Family Social Work %D 2018 %T Incorporating self-determination into substance abuse prevention programming for youth transitioning from foster care to adulthood %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Noell, Bailey %A Cole, Janice J. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Roe, Stephanie %B Child & Family Social Work %V 23 %P 281-288 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Domestic Violence Report %D 2018 %T IPV and the intergenerational transmission of violence %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Rousson, Ashley N. %B Domestic Violence Report %V 23 %P 49, 57-60 %G eng %0 Web Page %D 2018 %T Literature & Resource Review: Characteristics of Successful Foster, Adoptive and/or Kinship Caregivers of American Indian, Alaska Native, First Nations and Native Hawaiian (AIAN/FN/NH) Children and Suggested Training Themes for these Parents %A Day, Angelique %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Murphy, Kerrie %A Wilson, Morgan %A Drywater-Whitekiller, Virginia %I University of Washington School of Social Work in partnership with Spaulding for Children; Child Trauma Academy; The Center for Adoption Support and Education; North American Council on Adoptable Children; National Council for Adoption; and Northeastern S %C Seattle, WA %G eng %0 Web Page %D 2018 %T Literature Review: Intercountry Adoption and Private Domestic Adoption. National Training & Development Curriculum for Foster and Adoptive Parents %A Day, L E %A Haggerty, Kevin %A Willis, Tamarie %A Crume, Joel %A Wilson, Morgan %I University of Washington School of Social Work in partnership with Spaulding for Children; Child Trauma Academy; The Center for Adoption Support and Education; North American Council on Adoptable Children; and National Council for Adoption %C Seattle, WA %G eng %0 Web Page %D 2018 %T Literature Review of Relative and Non-Relative Foster/Adoptive Parent Factors Related to Placement Stability and Permanence for Children and Youth %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Vanderwill, Lori A. %A De Larwelle, Jessica A. %A Jenkins, Garrett J. %A McMahon, Amanda K. %A Day, Angelique %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %I National Training and Development Curriculum for Foster and Adoptive Parents %C Southfield, MI %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Public Health %D 2018 %T Long-term effects of the Communities That Care trial on substance use, antisocial behavior, and violence through age 21 years %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Hawkins, J D %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Rhew, Isaac C. %B American Journal of Public Health %V 108 %P 659-665 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Youth and Adolescence %D 2018 %T Neighborhood, family, and peer factors associated with early adolescent smoking and alcohol use %A Cambron, Christopher %A Kosterman, Rick %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Hawkins, J D. %B Journal of Youth and Adolescence %V 47 %P 369-382 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2018 %T Predictors of adult marijuana use among parents and nonparents %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Skinner, Martie L. %B Prevention Science %V 19 %P 109-116 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice %D 2018 %T Prevent crime and save money: Return-on-investment models in Australia %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A. %A Le, Ha %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice %V 545 %P 1-18 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescent Health %D 2018 %T Racial differences in mechanisms linking childhood socioeconomic status with growth in adult body mass index: The role of adolescent risk and educational attainment %A Gavin, Amelia R. %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Cambron, Christopher %A Epstein, Marina %A Hill, Karl G. %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Adolescent Health %V 63 %P 474-481 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Contemporary health issues on marijuana %D 2018 %T Risk and protective factors for adolescent marijuana use %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Speaker, Elizabeth C. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Hong, Ge %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Harrop, Erin N. %E Ken C. Winters %E Kevin A. Sabet %B Contemporary health issues on marijuana %I Oxford University Press %C New York, NY %P 219-235 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Intergenerational continuity of criminal and antisocial behavior. An international overview of current studies %D 2018 %T Seattle Social Development Project – The Intergenerational Project (SSDP-TIP) %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Epstein, Marina %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Hawkins, J D %E Eichelsheim, Veroni I. %E van de Weijer, Steve G. A. %B Intergenerational continuity of criminal and antisocial behavior. An international overview of current studies %I Routledge %C New York, NY %P 186-206 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2018 %T Standards of evidence for conducting and reporting economic evaluations in prevention science %A Crowley, D M %A Dodge, Kenneth A. %A Barnett, W. Steven %A Corso, Phaedra %A Duffy, Sarah %A Graham, Phillip %A Greenberg, Mark T. %A Haskins, Ron %A Hill, Laura %A Jones, Damon E. %A Karoly, Lynn %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Plotnick, Robert %B Prevention Science %V 19 %P 366-390 %8 Apr %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2018 %T Using Facebook to recruit parents to participate in a family program to prevent teen drug use %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Epstein, Marina %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Moreno, Megan A. %B Prevention Science %V 19 %P 559-569 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %D 2018 %T Using the social development strategy to unleash the power of prevention %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A McCowan, Kristin J. %B Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %V 9 %P 741-763 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs %D 2018 %T Washington State retail marijuana legalization: Parent and adolescent preferences for marijuana messages in a sample of low-income families %A Hanson, Koren %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Fleming, Charles B. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Casey-Goldstein, Mary %A Mason, W. A %A Thompson, Ronald W. %A Redmond, Cleve %B Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs %V 79 %P 309-317 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Assessment %D 2017 %T Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-9: Longitudinal measurement invariance across parents and youth during the transition to high school %A Gross, Thomas J. %A Fleming, Charles B. %A Mason, W A %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Assessment %V 24 %P 646-659 %G eng %! Assessment %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Community Psychology %D 2017 %T Assessment of risk and protection in Native American youth: Steps toward conducting culturally relevant, sustainable prevention in Indian Country %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Wheeler, Melissa J. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Evans-Campbell, Teresa A. %A Hartigan, Lacey A. %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Journal of Community Psychology %V 43 %P 346-362 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Drug and Alcohol Dependence %D 2017 %T The association between regular marijuana use and adult mental health outcomes %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Kosterman, Rick %A White, Helene R. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Epstein, Marina %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Hawkins, J D %B Drug and Alcohol Dependence %I Elsevier %V 179 %P 109-116 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Drug and Alcohol Dependence %D 2017 %T The association of unemployment from age 21 to 33 with substance use disorder symptoms at age 39: The role of childhood neighborhood characteristics %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Lovasi, Gina S. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Hawkins, J D %B Drug and Alcohol Dependence %V 174 %P 1-8 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Encyclopedia of juvenile delinquency and justice %D 2017 %T Communities That Care %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %E Christopher J. Schreck %E Michael J. Leiber %E Holly Ventura Miller %E Kelly Welch %B Encyclopedia of juvenile delinquency and justice %I Wiley-Blackwell %C New York, NY %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Crime and Justice %D 2017 %T Developmental pathways of youth gang membership: A structural test of the social development model %A Bishop, Asia S. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Gilman, Amanda B. %A Howell, James C. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Crime and Justice %V 40 %P 275-296 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Social Work Research %D 2017 %T Effects of formal and informal deviant labels in adolescence on crime in adulthood %A Lee, JoAnn S. %A Tajima, Emiko A. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Hong, Seunghye %B Social Work Research %V 41 %P 97-109 %G eng %! Soc Work Res %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Community Psychology %D 2017 %T An examination of alcohol use disorder symptoms and neighborhood disorganization from age 21 to 39 %A Cambron, Christopher %A Kosterman, Rick %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Hawkins, J D %B American Journal of Community Psychology %V 60 %P 267-278 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Substance Use and Misuse %D 2017 %T Focus groups of parents and teens help develop messages to prevent early marijuana use in the context of legal retail sales %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Casey-Goldstein, Mary %A Thompson, Ronald W. %A Buddenberg, Laura %A Mason, W. A %B Substance Use and Misuse %V 52 %P 351-358 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Interpersonal Violence %D 2017 %T Gendered pathways from child abuse to adult crime through internalizing and externalizing behaviors in childhood and adolescence %A Jung, Hyunzee %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A. %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Skinner, Martie L. %B Journal of Interpersonal Violence %V 32 %P 2724-2750 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2017 %T Influence of early onset of alcohol use on the development of adolescent alcohol problems: A longitudinal bi-national study %A Kim, Min J %A Mason, W. A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A. %B Prevention Science %V 18 %P 1-11 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Addictive Behaviors %D 2017 %T Parent and peer pathways linking childhood experiences of abuse with marijuana use in adolescence and adulthood %A Mason, W A %A Russo, M J %A Chmelka, Mary B. %A Herrenkohl, Roy C. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %B Addictive Behaviors %V 66 %P 70-75 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Infant and Child Development %D 2017 %T Parental alcohol use, parenting, and child on-time development %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Hill, Karl G. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Hartigan, Lacey A. %A Small, Candice M. %A Hawkins, J D %B Infant and Child Development %V 26 %P e2013 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Developmental Science %D 2017 %T Positive parenting predicts cortisol functioning six years later in young adults %A Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Obasi, Ezemenari M. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Developmental Science %V 20 %P e12461 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2017 %T A randomized controlled trial of a long-term professional mentoring program for children at risk: Outcomes across the first 5 years %A Eddy, J M %A Martinez, C R, Jr. %A Grossman, J B %A Cearley, Jennifer J. %A Herrera, Danita %A Wheeler, Alice C. %A Rempel, Jeff S. %A Foney, Dana %A Gau, Jeff M. %A Burraston, Bert O. %A Harachi, Tracy W. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Seeley, John R. %B Prevention Science %V 18 %P 899-910 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2017 %T The relationship between marijuana and conventional cigarette smoking behavior from early adolescence to adulthood %A Kristman-Valente, Allison N. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Epstein, Marina %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Abbott, Robert D. %A Johnson, Renee M. %A Walker, Denise %A Hawkins, J D %B Prevention Science %I Springer %V 18 %P 428-438 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology %D 2017 %T The role of self-regulation in academic and behavioral paths to a high school diploma %A Cambron, Christopher %A Kosterman, Rick %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology %V 3 %P 304-325 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Aggression and Violent Behavior %D 2017 %T Systematic review of early risk factors for life-course-persistent, adolescence-limited, and late-onset offenders in prospective longitudinal studies %A Jolliffe, Darrick %A Farrington, David P. %A Piquero, Alex R. %A Loeber, Rolf %A Hill, Karl G. %B Aggression and Violent Behavior %V 33 %P 15-23 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescent Health %D 2017 %T Testing the question-behavior effect of self-administered surveys measuring youth drug use %A Briney, John S. %A Brown, Eric C. %A Kuklinski, Margaret R. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Adolescent Health %V 61 %P 743-746 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Development and Psychopathology %D 2017 %T Time-varying effects of families and peers on adolescent marijuana use: Person-environment interactions across development %A Epstein, Marina %A Hill, Karl G. %A Roe, Stephanie S. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Iacono, William G. %A McGue, Matt %A Kristman-Valente, Allison %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Development and Psychopathology %V 29 %P 887-900 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %D 2017 %T Translating grand challenges from concept to community: The “Communities in Action” experience %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Barton, Vaughnetta J. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Spearmon, Margaret L. %A Elion, Edith C. %A Reese, Raymonda C. %A Uehara, Edwina S. %B Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %V 8 %P 137-159 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Alcohol and Alcoholism %D 2016 %T Adult binge drinking: Childhood sexual abuse, gender, and the role of adolescent alcohol-related experiences %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Kristman-Valente, Allison N. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %B Alcohol and Alcoholism %V 51 %P 136-141 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Child and Family Studies %D 2016 %T Assessing future expectations of low-income minority young men: Survival-threats and positive expectations. %A Prince, Dana M %A Epstein, Marina %A Nurius, Paula S %A King, Kevin %A Gorman-Smith, Deborah %A Henry, David B %X

Future expectations, a subset of overall orientation, represent youths' most realistic appraisals of future outcomes, and has been demonstrated to be associated with a range of health risk behaviors and wellbeing. The current study extends previous measurement efforts to operationalize and measure future expectations by estimating a multidimensional model of future expectations encompassing both positive and survival-based expectations, and using longitudinal data to test the consistency of these constructs over time. The current work uses data from six waves of the Chicago Youth Development Study (n=338), a sample of African American and Latino young men from low income neighborhoods in an urban center, to test a hypothesized multidimensional structure of future expectations across adolescence. Test retest confirmatory factor analyses from six waves of data covering the mean age range of 12 to 19 years reveal good model fit for the hypothesized multidimensional model of future expectations at each wave. Strong measurement invariance based on race/ethnicity is established for the multidimensional model. Implications for a latent construct approach to future expectations with low-income racial/ethnic minority young men are discussed.

%B Journal of Child and Family Studies %V 25 %P 2089-2101 %8 2016 Jul %G ENG %N 7 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27524873?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s10826-016-0384-y %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescent Health %D 2016 %T Associations between parental and grandparental marijuana use and child substance use norms in a prospective, three-generation study %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Epstein, Marina %A Abbott, Robert D. %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Skinner, Martie L. %B Journal of Adolescent Health %V 59 %P 262-268 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Early Adolescence %D 2016 %T Child and parent report of parenting as predictors of substance use and suspensions from school %A Fleming, Charles B. %A Mason, W A %A Thompson, Ronald W. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Gross, Thomas J. %B Journal of Early Adolescence %V 36 %P 625-645 %G eng %! J Early Adolescence %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Community Psychology %D 2016 %T The Communities That Care Brief Depression Scale: Psychometric properties and criterion validity %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Monahan, Kathryn C. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Community Psychology %V 44 %P 391-398 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Youth and Adolescence %D 2016 %T Depressed mood during early to middle adolescence: A bi-national longitudinal study of the unique impact of family conflict %A Kelly, Adrian B. %A Mason, W A %A Chmelka, Mary B. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Kim, Min J. %A Patton, George C. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Journal of Youth and Adolescence %V 45 %P 1604-1613 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Applied Developmental Science %D 2016 %T The dimensions of successful young adult development: A conceptual and measurement framework %A Scales, Peter C. %A Benson, Peter L. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hill, Karl G. %A Hawkins, J D %A Pashak, Travis J. %B Applied Developmental Science %V 20 %P 150-174 %G eng %! Appl Dev Sci %0 Journal Article %J Translational Behavioral Medicine: Practice, Policy and Research %D 2016 %T The dynamic epigenome and its implications for behavioral interventions: A role for epigenetics to inform disorder prevention and health promotion %A Szyf, Moshe %A Tang, Yi-Yang %A Hill, Karl G. %A Musci, Rashelle %B Translational Behavioral Medicine: Practice, Policy and Research %V 6 %P 55-62 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Criminal Behavior and Mental Health %D 2016 %T Effects of child abuse, adolescent violence, peer approval, and pro-violence attitudes on intimate partner violence in adulthood %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Jung, Hyunzee %B Criminal Behavior and Mental Health %V 26 %P 304-314 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2016 %T Evaluation of community-level effects of Communities That Care on adolescent drug use and delinquency using a repeated cross-sectional design %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Hawkins, J D %A Murray, David M. %A Fagan, Abigail A. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Abbott, Robert D. %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Prevention Science %V 17 %P 177-187 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America %D 2016 %T Evidence-based prevention for adolescent substance use %A Harrop, Erin %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America %V 25 %P 387-410 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Criminal Justice %D 2016 %T Examining protective factors against violence among high-risk youth: Findings from the Seattle Social Development Project %A Kim, B K E %A Gilman, Amanda B. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Criminal Justice %V 45 %P 19-25 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %D 2016 %T Feasibility of Connecting, a substance-abuse prevention program for foster teens and their caregivers %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Barkan, Susan E. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Packard, W B %A Cole, Janice J. %B Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research %V 7 %P 639-659 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Children and Youth Services Review %D 2016 %T Fostering Higher Education: A postsecondary access and retention intervention for youth with foster care experience %A Salazar, Amy M. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Roe, Stephanie S. %B Children and Youth Services Review %V 70 %P 49-56 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sex Transm Dis %D 2016 %T HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Messaging: Targeting Root Causes of Sexual Risk Behavior. %A Manhart, Lisa E %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hill, Karl G %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Catalano, Richard F %X

INTRODUCTION: Sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) often lead to sexually transmitted infections (STI), yet little is known about what drives SRB and whether this differs by sex.

METHOD: Participants (n = 920; 75% white) were drawn from the Raising Healthy Children study, enrolled in 1993 and 1994 in grades 1 to 2, and followed up through age 24/25 years. Lifetime STI diagnosis was defined by self-report or seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis or herpes simplex virus 2. Multivariable models assessed individual (social skills, behavioral disinhibition) and environmental factors (family involvement, school bonding, antisocial friends) predictive of STI diagnosis as mediated by 3 proximal SRB (sex under the influence of drugs or alcohol, condom use, lifetime number of sex partners).

RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of participants had ever had an STI. All SRBs differed by sex (P < 0.001), and female participants were more likely to have had an STI (P < 0.001). Behavioral disinhibition and antisocial friends in adolescence were associated with more SRB for both sexes, whereas social skills were associated with less SRB in female but more in male participants. Considering SRB and individual and environmental factors together, lifetime number of sex partners (adjusted relative risk [ARR], 1.04per partner; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.05) and inconsistent condom use (ARR, 1.10per year; 95% CI, 1.04-1.16) were associated with increased risk of STI, whereas social skills were associated with decreased risk of STI (ARR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.93). Behavioral disinhibition seemed to drive SRB, but family involvement mitigated this in several cases.

CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent environmental influences and individual characteristics drive some SRB and may be more effective targets for STI/HIV prevention interventions than proximal risk behaviors.

%B Sex Transm Dis %V 43 %P 71-7 %8 2016 Feb %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26760178?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000402 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs %D 2016 %T Longitudinal effects of early childhood maltreatment on co-occurring substance misuse and mental health problems in adulthood: The role of adolescent alcohol use and depression %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Hong, Seunghye %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Brown, Eric C. %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Jung, Hyunzee %B Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs %V 77 %P 464-472 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescent Health %D 2016 %T Marijuana legalization and parents’ attitudes, use, and parenting in Washington State %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Eisenberg, Nicole %A Hill, Karl G. %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Adolescent Health %V 59 %P 450-456 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Public Health %D 2016 %T Mechanisms linking high school graduation to health disparities in young adulthood: A longitudinal analysis of the role of health behaviors, psychosocial stressors, and health insurance %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Hawkins, J D %B Public Health %V 139 %P 61-69 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Orthopsychiatry %D 2016 %T Mediating and moderating effects of social support in the study of child abuse and adult physical and mental health %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Jung, Hyunzee %A Klika, J B %A Mason, W A %A Brown, Eric C. %A Leeb, Rebecca T. %A Herrenkohl, Roy C. %B American Journal of Orthopsychiatry %V 86 %P 573-583 %G eng %! Am J Orthopsychiatry %0 Journal Article %J Child Youth Serv Rev %D 2016 %T Parent training to reduce problem behaviors over the transition to high school: Tests of indirect effects through improved emotion regulation skills %A Mason, W A %A January, Stacy-Ann A %A Fleming, Charles B %A Thompson, Ronald W %A Parra, Gilbert R %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Snyder, James J %X

Adolescent problem behaviors are costly for individuals and society. Promoting the self-regulatory functioning of youth may help prevent the development of such behaviors. Parent-training and family intervention programs have been shown to improve child and adolescent self-regulation. This study helps fill gaps in knowledge by testing for indirect effects of the Common Sense Parenting(®) (CSP) program on reduced substance use, conduct problems, and school suspensions through previously identified short-term improvements in parents' reports of their children's emotion regulation skills. Over two cohorts, 321 low income families of 8(th) graders were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the standard CSP program, an adapted CSP Plus program, or a minimal-contact control condition. Pretest, posttest, 1-year follow-up, and 2-year follow-up survey assessments were completed by parents and students with 94% retention. Intent-to-treat multivariate path analyses were conducted. Neither intervention had statistically significant total effects on the three targeted adolescent outcomes. CSP, but not CSP Plus, had statistically significant indirect effects on reduced substance use and school suspensions at the 1-year follow-up as well as conduct problems and school suspensions at the 2-year follow-up through increased child emotion regulation skills at posttest. Findings provide some support for emotion regulation as one pathway through which the intervention was associated, indirectly, with reduced substance use, conduct problems, and school suspensions among at-risk students over the high school transition.

%B Child Youth Serv Rev %V 61 %P 176-183 %8 2016 Feb 1 %G ENG %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26778871?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.12.022 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Research on Adolescence %D 2016 %T Peer group patterns of alcohol-using behaviors among early adolescents in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States %A Leung, Rachel K. %A Toumbourou, John W. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A. %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Journal of Research on Adolescence %V 26 %P 902-917 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2016 %T Planning for long-term follow-up: Strategies learned from longitudinal studies %A Hill, Karl G. %A Woodward, Danielle %A Woelfel, Tiffany %A Hawkins, J D %A Green, Sara %B Prevention Science %V 17 %P 806-818 %G eng %0 Web Page %D 2016 %T Positive youth development measurement toolkit. A practical guide for implementers of youth programs %A Hinson, Laura %A Kapungu, Chisina %A Jessee, Cassandra %A Skinner, Martie %A Bardini, Mark %A Evans-Whipp, Tracy %I YouthPower Learning, Making Cents International %C Washington, DC %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Subst Abus %D 2016 %T Prevalence of marijuana and other substance use before and after Washington State's change from legal medical marijuana to legal medical and nonmedical marijuana: Cohort comparisons in a sample of adolescents. %A Mason, W A %A Fleming, Charles B %A Ringle, Jay L %A Hanson, Koren %A Gross, Thomas J %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

BACKGROUND: A growing number of states have new legislation extending prior legalization of medical marijuana by allowing nonmedical marijuana use for adults. The potential influence of this change in legislation on adolescent marijuana and other substance use (e.g., spillover or substitution effects) is uncertain. We capitalize on an ongoing study to explore the prevalence of marijuana and other substance use in 2 cohorts of adolescents who experienced the nonmedical marijuana law change in Washington State at different ages.

METHODS: Participants were 8th graders enrolled in targeted Tacoma, Washington public schools and recruited in 2 consecutive annual cohorts. The analysis sample was 238 students who completed a baseline survey in the 8th grade and a follow-up survey after the 9th grade. Between the 2 assessments, the second cohort experienced the Washington State nonmedical marijuana law change, whereas the first cohort did not. Self-report survey data on lifetime and past-month marijuana, cigarette, and alcohol use were collected.

RESULTS: Multivariate multilevel modeling showed that cohort differences in the likelihood of marijuana use were significantly different from those for cigarette and alcohol use at follow-up (adjusting for baseline substance initiation). Marijuana use was higher for the second cohort than the first cohort, but this difference was not statistically significant. Rates of cigarette and alcohol use were slightly lower in the second cohort than in the first cohort.

CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory study found that marijuana use was more prevalent among teens shortly after the transition from medical marijuana legalization only to medical and nonmedical marijuana legalization, although the difference between cohorts was not statistically significant. The findings also provided some evidence of substitution effects. The analytic technique used here may be useful for examining potential long-term effects of nonmedical marijuana laws on adolescent marijuana use and substitution or spillover effects in future studies.

%B Subst Abus %V 37 %P 330-5 %8 2016 Apr-Jun %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26252354?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/08897077.2015.1071723 %0 Book Section %B Marijuana and mental health %D 2016 %T Prevention of marijuana misuse: School-, family-, and community-based approaches %A Mason, W A %A Fleming, Charles B. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %E Compton, Michael T. %B Marijuana and mental health %I American Psychiatric Association Publishing %C Arlington, VA %P 199-225 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health %D 2016 %T Prevention programs and policies (Chapter 3) %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Castro, F G %A Fagan, Abigail A. %A Greenberg, Mark T. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %B Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health %I U.S. Department of Health and Human Services %C Washington, DC %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Preventive Medicine %D 2016 %T Primary health care: Potential home for family-focused preventive interventions %A Leslie, Laurel K. %A Mehus, Christopher J. %A Hawkins, J D %A Boat, Thomas %A McCabe, M A %A Barkin, Shari %A Perrin, Ellen %A Metzler, Carol %A Prado, Guillermo %A Tait, V. Fan %A Brown, Randall %A Beardslee, William %B American Journal of Preventive Medicine %V 51 %P S106-S118 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Child Youth Serv Rev %D 2016 %T Professional and youth perspectives on higher education-focused interventions for youth transitioning from foster care. %A Salazar, Amy M %A Roe, Stephanie S %A Ullrich, Jessica S %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

Youth transitioning from foster care to adulthood access and succeed in college at much lower rates than the general population. A variety of services exist to support youth with their postsecondary goals, but few if any have evidence for their effectiveness. As part of a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded intervention development project to design Fostering Higher Education, a structured, testable postsecondary access and retention intervention for youth transitioning from foster care to adulthood, focus groups were conducted with community stakeholders to collect recommendations for how to most effectively structure the intervention. Analyses of focus group findings resulted in four theme groups: (1) general recommendations for intervention development; (2) recommendations for an educational advocacy intervention component; (3) recommendations for a mentoring intervention component; and (4) recommendations for a substance abuse prevention intervention component. These themes offered a variety of important insights for developing interventions in a way that is usable for youth and feasible for communities to implement.

%B Child Youth Serv Rev %V 64 %P 23-34 %8 2016 May %G ENG %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27065508?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.02.027 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Family Psychology %D 2016 %T Randomized trial of parent training to prevent adolescent problem behaviors during the high school transition %A Mason, W A %A Fleming, Charles B. %A Gross, Thomas J. %A Thompson, Ronald W. %A Parra, Gilbert J. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Snyder, James J. %B Journal of Family Psychology %V 30 %P 944-954 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions %D 2016 %T The relationship between interpersonal violence victimization and smoking behavior across time and by gender %A Kristman-Valente, Allison N. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hill, Karl G. %A Wells, Elizabeth A. %A Epstein, Marina %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions %I Taylor & Francis Group %V 16 %P 132-159 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Family-based prevention programs for children and adolescents: Theory, research, and large-scale dissemination %D 2016 %T Staying Connected with Your Teen® and the promise of self-directed prevention programs %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Klima, Tali %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Barkan, Susan E. %E Mark Van Ryzin %E Karol L. Kumpfer %E Gregory M. Fosco %E Mark T. Greenberg %B Family-based prevention programs for children and adolescents: Theory, research, and large-scale dissemination %I Psychology Press %C New York, NY %P 209-228 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Community Psychology %D 2016 %T Sustaining adoption of science-based prevention through Communities That Care %A Gloppen, Kari M. %A Brown, Eric C. %A Wagenaar, Bradley H. %A Hawkins, J D %A Rhew, Isaac C. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %B Journal of Community Psychology %V 44 %P 78-89 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Behavior Genetics %D 2016 %T A test-replicate approach to candidate gene research on addiction and externalizing disorders: A collaboration across five longitudinal studies %A Samek, Diana R. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Wilson, Sylia %A Lee, Susanne %A Keyes, Margaret A. %A Epstein, Marina %A Smolen, Andrew %A Miller, Michael %A Winters, Ken C. %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Iacono, William G. %A McGue, Matt %B Behavior Genetics %I Springer %V 46 %P 608-626 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Residential Treatment for Children & Youth %D 2016 %T Therapeutic Residential Care for Children and Youth: A Consensus Statement of the International Work Group on Therapeutic Residential Care %A Whittaker, James K. %A Holmes, Lisa %A Del Valle, Jorge F. %A Ainsworth, Frank %A Andreassen, Tore %A Anglin, James %A Bellonci, Christopher %A Berridge, David %A Bravo, Amaia %A Canali, Cinzia %A Courtney, Mark %A Currey, Laurah %A Daly, Daniel %A Gilligan, Robbie %A Grietens, Hans %A Harder, Annemiek %A Holden, Martha %A James, Sigrid %A Kendrick, Andrew %A Knorth, Erik %K Children -- Institutional care %K Foster Home Care %K Group homes for children %K Institutional care %K Residential care %X

 The article focuses on the consensus statement on therapeutic residential care developed jointly by an international consortium of experts on residential care. It highlights the efforts of British Prime Minister David Cameron in reviewing the role and purpose of residential placements within the wider child welfare system. Information about the working definition of therapeutic residential care is also offered.

%B Residential Treatment for Children & Youth %V 33 %P 89-106 %8 Apr-Jun2016 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1080/0886571X.2016.1215755 %0 Journal Article %J Dev Psychopathol %D 2016 %T Time-varying effects of families and peers on adolescent marijuana use: Person-environment interactions across development. %A Epstein, Marina %A Hill, Karl G %A Roe, Stephanie S %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Iacono, William G %A McGue, Matt %A Kristman-Valente, Allison %A Catalano, Richard F %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

Studies have demonstrated that the effects of two well-known predictors of adolescent substance use, family monitoring and antisocial peers, are not static but change over the course of adolescence. Moreover, these effects may differ for different groups of youth. The current study uses time-varying effect modeling to examine the changes in the association between family monitoring and antisocial peers and marijuana use from ages 11 to 19, and to compare these associations by gender and levels of behavioral disinhibition. Data are drawn from the Raising Healthy Children study, a longitudinal panel of 1,040 youth. The strength of association between family monitoring and antisocial peers and marijuana use was mostly steady over adolescence, and was greater for girls than for boys. Differences in the strength of the association were also evident by levels of behavioral disinhibition: youth with lower levels of disinhibition were more susceptible to the influence of parents and peers. Stronger influence of family monitoring on girls and less disinhibited youth was most evident in middle adolescence, whereas the stronger effect of antisocial peers was significant during middle and late adolescence. Implications for the timing and targeting of marijuana preventive interventions are discussed.

%B Dev Psychopathol %P 1-14 %8 2016 Jul 15 %G ENG %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27417425?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1017/S0954579416000559 %0 Journal Article %J Development and Psychopathology special issue: Longitudinal Transactional Models of Development and Psychopathology %D 2016 %T Understanding the interplay of individual and social-developmental factors in the progression of substance use and mental health from childhood to adulthood %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Epstein, Marina %A Lee, J O %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F. %B Development and Psychopathology special issue: Longitudinal Transactional Models of Development and Psychopathology %I Cambridge University Press %V 28 %P 721-741 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Am J Orthopsychiatry %D 2016 %T Using Communities That Care for community child maltreatment prevention. %A Salazar, Amy M %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A de Haan, Benjamin %A Catalano, Richard F %A Vann, Terri %A Vinson, Jean %A Lansing, Michaele %X

The prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) disorders among children and adolescents is a national priority. One mode of implementing community-wide MEB prevention efforts is through evidence-based community mobilization approaches such as Communities That Care (CTC). This article provides an overview of the CTC framework and discusses the adaptation process of CTC to prevent development of MEBs through preventing child abuse and neglect and bolstering child well-being in children aged 0 to 10. Adaptations include those to the intervention itself as well as those to the evaluation approach. Preliminary findings from the Keeping Families Together pilot study of this evolving approach suggest that the implementation was manageable for sites, and community board functioning and community adoption of a science-based approach to prevention in pilot sites looks promising. Implications and next steps are outlined. (PsycINFO Database Record

%B Am J Orthopsychiatry %V 86 %P 144-55 %8 2016 Mar %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26963184?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1037/ort0000078 %0 Journal Article %J J Soc Social Work Res %D 2015 %T Adherence and dosage contributions to parenting program quality %A Gross, Thomas J %A Mason, W A %A Parra, Gilbert %A Oats, Robert %A Ringle, Jay %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

OBJECTIVE: The 3 most frequently examined elements of treatment fidelity are adherence, dosage, and quality. The relationships between these fidelity elements are complex, and additional research is needed to provide clarity. Improving clarity may be especially relevant to parenting programs, which tend to include direct explicit instruction (DEI) elements (i.e., instruction, modeling, and practice). The adherence to and dosage of these DEI elements are frequently assumed to improve program quality; however, little information is available to determine if such adherence and dosage affect program quality. This study examines whether adherence to and dosage of DEI elements predict quality ratings for a widely disseminated, manualized parenting program.

METHOD: Adherence is defined as the percentage of intervention tasks completed for each DEI element. Dosage is defined as the number of minutes and seconds spent in each intervention DEI element. Treatment fidelity is assessed for 36 of 144 sessions across 10 program facilitators. A hierarchical linear regression analysis examines the contributions of adherence and dosage in the prediction of session quality ratings.

RESULTS: The analysis indicates that adherence accounts for a significant proportion of the variance (26%), whereas dosage contributes a nonsignificant proportion of variance (11%). Adherence to skill practice was the strongest individual predictor (β = .445, p < .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that ensuring a high degree of adherence can contribute to quality program delivery. However, more exploration is needed to better understand the ways in which adherence and dosage of DEI elements affect program quality.

%B J Soc Social Work Res %V 6 %P 467-489 %8 2015 Dec %G ENG %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26726301?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1086/684108 %0 Journal Article %J Assessment %D 2015 %T Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-9: Longitudinal measurement invariance across parents and youth during the transition to high school %A Gross, Thomas J %A Fleming, Charles B %A Mason, W A %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire nine-item short form (APQ-9) is an often used assessment of parenting in research and applied settings. It uses parent and youth ratings for three scales: Positive Parenting, Inconsistent Discipline, and Poor Supervision. The purpose of this study is to examine the longitudinal invariance of the APQ-9 for both parents and youth, and the multigroup invariance between parents and youth during the transition from middle school to high school. Parent and youth longitudinal configural, metric, and scalar invariance for the APQ-9 were supported when tested separately. However, the multigroup invariance tests indicated that scalar invariance was not achieved between parent and youth ratings. Essentially, parent and youth mean scores for Positive Parenting, Inconsistent Discipline, and Poor Supervision can be independently compared across the transition from middle school to high school. However, comparing parent and youth scores across the APQ-9 scales may not be meaningful.

%B Assessment %8 2015 Dec 15 %G ENG %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26671892?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1177/1073191115620839 %0 Journal Article %J Child Adolesc Social Work J %D 2015 %T Life Course Associations between Victimization and Aggression: Distinctive and Cumulative Contributions. %A Logan-Greene, Patricia %A Nurius, Paula S %A Hooven, Carole %A Thompson, Elaine Adams %X

The connections between early maltreatment and later aggression are well established in the literature, however gaps remain in our understanding of developmental processes. This study investigates the cascading life course linkages between victimization experiences from childhood through early adulthood and later aggressive behavior. The diverse, at-risk sample is of particular importance to child and adolescent specialists, as it represents highly vulnerable youth accessible through conventional school settings. In addition to direct pathways from proximal life periods, path analysis revealed significant indirect mediated pathways through which earlier life victimization contributes to aggressive behaviors in later life periods as well as revictimization. Multivariate regressions support theorized cumulative effects of multi-form victimization as well as distinct contributions of victimization domains (emotional, witnessing, physical, property, and sexual) in explaining aggressive behavior. Consistent with theorizing about the developmental impact of early maltreatment, results bolster the importance of interrupting pathways from victimization to revictimization and later aggression. Findings are evaluated in light of implications for early identification and prevention programming.

%B Child Adolesc Social Work J %V 32 %P 269-279 %8 2015 Jun 1 %G ENG %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26190900?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2015 %T Long-term effects of staying connected with your teen® on drug use frequency at age 20. %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Skinner, Martie L %A Catalano, Richard F %A Abbott, Robert D %A Crutchfield, Robert D %K Adolescent %K African Americans %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Health Promotion %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Parent-Child Relations %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Young Adult %X

Drug prevention interventions frequently target early adolescents in order to stop or delay initiation of substance use. However, the prevalence and frequency of drug use escalate and then peak during emerging adulthood, making it important to determine whether drug use prevention efforts in adolescence have lasting effects into adulthood. Additionally, given differences in drug use frequency between ethnic groups, intervention effects by race should be examined when possible. This study evaluates the efficacy of a family-focused prevention program, Staying Connected with Your Teen®, delivered to parents and teens in the 8th grade, on family stressors during 9th and 10th grades, 10th-grade drug use (as potential mediators), and drug use frequency at age 20. Families (N = 331; Black = 163, White = 168) were randomly assigned to three conditions: parent-adolescent group-administered (PA), self-administered with telephone support (SA), and no-treatment control (Haggerty et al. Prevention Science, 8: 249-260, 2007). The impact of the intervention was assessed using latent variable structural equation models. Age 20 drug use frequency was significantly higher among Whites than Blacks as expected. The PA intervention had direct effects on reducing drug use frequency for both Blacks and Whites. The SA intervention had an impact on family stressors during adolescence for Whites, but not for Blacks. Results suggest that both formats for delivery were modestly efficacious for Whites, but only direct delivery was modestly efficacious for Blacks. Given the substantial savings in cost of the self-administered program over the group-administered format, improving the efficacy of self-administered programming for Blacks is recommended.

%B Prev Sci %V 16 %P 538-49 %8 2015 May %G eng %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25428694?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s11121-014-0525-8 %0 Journal Article %J J Prim Prev %D 2015 %T Predictors of participation in parenting workshops for improving adolescent behavioral and mental health: Results from the Common Sense Parenting trial. %A Fleming, Charles B %A Mason, W A %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Thompson, Ronald W %A Fernandez, Kate %A Casey-Goldstein, Mary %A Oats, Robert G %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Ethnic Groups %K Family Characteristics %K Female %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Mental Health %K Parent-Child Relations %K Parenting %K Parents %K Poverty Areas %K Program Evaluation %K Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic %K Social Class %K Washington %X

Engaging and retaining participants are crucial to achieving adequate implementation of parenting interventions designed to prevent problem behaviors among children and adolescents. This study examined predictors of engagement and retention in a group-based family intervention across two versions of the program: a standard version requiring only parent attendance for six sessions and an adapted version with two additional sessions that required attendance by the son or daughter. Families included a parent and an eighth grader who attended one of five high-poverty schools in an urban Pacific Northwest school district. The adapted version of the intervention had a higher rate of engagement than the standard version, a difference that was statistically significant after adjusting for other variables assessed at enrollment in the study. Higher household income and parent education, younger student age, and poorer affective quality in the parent-child relationship predicted greater likelihood of initial attendance. In the adapted version of the intervention, parents of boys were more likely to engage with the program than those of girls. The variables considered did not strongly predict retention, although retention was higher among parents of boys. Retention did not significantly differ between conditions. Asking for child attendance at workshops may have increased engagement in the intervention, while findings for other predictors of attendance point to the need for added efforts to recruit families who have less socioeconomic resources, as well as families who perceive they have less need for services.

%B J Prim Prev %V 36 %P 105-18 %8 2015 Apr %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25656381?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s10935-015-0386-3 %0 Journal Article %J J Child Fam Stud %D 2015 %T Reducing risks for problem behaviors during the high school transition: Proximal outcomes in the Common Sense Parenting trial %A Mason, W A %A Fleming, Charles B %A Ringle, Jay L %A Thompson, Ronald W %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Snyder, James J %X

This study tests Common Sense Parenting (CSP)®, a widely used parent-training program, in its standard form and in a modified form known as CSP Plus, with low-income 8(th) graders and their families during the high school transition. The six-session CSP program proximally targets parenting and child emotion regulation skills. CSP Plus adds two sessions that include youth, and the eight-session program further targets skills for avoiding negative peers and activities in high school. Over two cohorts, 321 families were enrolled and randomly assigned to either CSP, CSP Plus, or minimal-contact control conditions. To date, pretest and posttest assessments have been completed, with 93% retention over about a 6-month interval. Here, analyses of preliminary outcomes from pretest to posttest focus on data collected from parents, who represent the primary proximal intervention targets. Intent-to-treat structural equation modeling analyses were conducted. CSP and CSP Plus had statistically significant effects on increased parent-reported child emotion regulation skills. CSP Plus further showed a statistically significant effect on increased parent perceptions of their adolescent being prepared for high school, but only in a model that excluded the CSP condition. Neither program had a significant proximal effect on parenting practices. Emotion regulation, one indicator of self-control, is a robust protective factor against problem behaviors. Intervention effects on this outcome may translate into reduced problems during high school. Moreover, CSP Plus showed some limited signs of added value for preparing families for the high school transition.

%B J Child Fam Stud %V 24 %P 2568-2578 %8 2015 Sep 1 %G ENG %N 9 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508822?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s10826-014-0059-5 %0 Journal Article %J Subst Use Misuse %D 2015 %T Washington State recreational marijuana legalization: parent and adolescent perceptions, knowledge, and discussions in a sample of low-income families. %A Mason, W A %A Hanson, Koren %A Fleming, Charles B %A Ringle, Jay L %A Haggerty, Kevin P %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Family %K Female %K Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice %K Humans %K Knowledge %K Male %K Marijuana Smoking %K Parent-Child Relations %K Parents %K Perception %K Poverty %K Washington %X

BACKGROUND: In November 2012, Washington State and Colorado became the first states in the United States to legalize recreational marijuana use for adults, and Uruguay became the first country to allow the cultivation, distribution, possession, and use of marijuana. One possible consequence of these changes is increased adolescent marijuana use. Parents may mitigate this adverse consequence; however, whether parents and adolescents have accurate knowledge about the laws and are discussing marijuana use in light of the law changes is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: We examine perceptions, knowledge, and parent-child discussions about Washington State's recreational marijuana law in a sample of low-income families.

METHODS: Participants were a subset of families (n = 115) in an ongoing study that originally recruited parents and adolescents from middle schools in Tacoma, Washington. In summer 2013, when students were entering the 11(th) grade, students and their parents were asked questions about the recreational marijuana law.

RESULTS: Participants perceived that their marijuana-related attitudes and behaviors changed little as a result of the law, and displayed uncertainty about what is legal and illegal. Most parents reported discussing the new law with their children but only occasionally, and conversations emphasized household rules, particularly among parent lifetime marijuana users compared to non-users. Conclusions/Importance: Results suggest that there should be a public health campaign focused on families that provides clear information about the recreational marijuana laws.

%B Subst Use Misuse %V 50 %P 541-5 %8 2015 Apr %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25671633?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3109/10826084.2014.952447 %0 Journal Article %J Child Youth Serv Rev %D 2014 %T Adapting an evidence based parenting program for child welfare involved teens and their caregivers. %A Barkan, Susan E %A Salazar, Amy M %A Estep, Kara %A Mattos, Leah M %A Eichenlaub, Caroline %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

The scarcity of caregivers and the unique vulnerability of teens involved with the child welfare system necessitate effective strategies for ensuring that caregivers are prepared and supported in the important role they play with children and youth within the child welfare system. They are in a position, through the establishment of a strong, positive, supportive connection with the youth, to potentially minimize the impacts of recent trauma and interrupt a negative trajectory by preventing the youth's initiation of high-risk behavior. In this paper we describe the process used to systematically adapt Staying Connected with Your Teen™, an evidence-based, prevention-focused parenting program found in other studies to reduce the initiation of teens' risky behaviors, for use with foster teens and their relative or foster caregivers. This work has been guided by the ADAPT-ITT framework developed by Wingood and DiClemente (2008) for adapting evidence-based interventions. Qualitative work conducted in Phase 1 of this study identified the need for the development of a trusted connection between foster youth and their caregivers, as well as tools for helping them access community resources, social services, and educational supports. This paper describes the process used to develop new and adapted program activities in response to the needs identified in Phase 1. We conducted a theater test with dyads of foster youth and their caregivers to get feedback on the new activities. Findings from the theater test are provided and next steps in the research are discussed which include examining program usability, fidelity, feasibility, and testing this new prevention program that has been tailored for child welfare involved youth and their caregivers. This intervention program has the potential to fill an important gap in the availability of preventive programming for caregivers of teens in foster care.

%B Child Youth Serv Rev %V 41 %P 53-61 %8 2014 Jun %G ENG %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26052172?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.006 %0 Journal Article %J Addiction %D 2014 %T Adolescent predictors and environmental correlates of young adult alcohol use problems. %A Toumbourou, John W %A Evans-Whipp, Tracy J %A Smith, Rachel %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcohol-Related Disorders %K Cohort Studies %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Risk Factors %K Social Environment %K Street Drugs %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Victoria %K Workplace %K Young Adult %X

AIMS: To examine the rates of young adult alcohol and drug use and alcohol problems, adolescent predictors of young adult alcohol problems and correlations with young adult social, work and recreational environments.

DESIGN: Adolescents were followed longitudinally into young adulthood. Predictors were measured in grade 9 (average age 15), and environmental correlates and outcomes in young adulthood (average age 21).

SETTING: Students recruited in Victoria, Australia in 2002, were resurveyed in 2010/11.

PARTICIPANTS: Analytical n=2309, 80% retention.

MEASUREMENTS: Adolescent self-report predictors included past-month alcohol use. Young adults completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) together with reports of environmental influences.

FINDINGS: Comparisons to United States national school graduate samples revealed higher rates of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use (other than cannabis) in Victoria. For example, rates of past month use at age 21-22 were: alcohol 69.3% US versus 84.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 81.3-88.6% Victoria; illicit drugs (other than cannabis) 8.8 versus 12.7%, CI 9.7-15.7%. AUDIT alcohol problems (scored 8+) were identified for 41.2%, CI 38.8-43.6% of young adults in Victoria. The likelihood of young adult alcohol problems was higher for frequent adolescent alcohol users and those exposed to environments characterized by high alcohol use and problems in young adulthood.

CONCLUSIONS: High rates of alcohol problems are evident in more than two in five Australian young adults, and these problems appear to be influenced both by earlier patterns of adolescent alcohol use and by young adult social, work and recreational environments.

%B Addiction %V 109 %P 417-24 %8 2014 Mar %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1111/add.12401 %0 Journal Article %J Addict Behav %D 2014 %T Alcohol intoxication and condom use self-efficacy effects on women's condom use intentions. %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Masters, N Tatiana %A Eakins, Danielle %A Danube, Cinnamon L %A George, William H %A Norris, Jeanette %A Heiman, Julia R %K Adult %K Alcoholic Intoxication %K Central Nervous System Depressants %K Condoms %K Decision Making %K Ethanol %K Female %K Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice %K Humans %K Intention %K Safe Sex %K Self Efficacy %K Women %K Young Adult %X

Although research has consistently demonstrated that condom use self-efficacy significantly predicts condom use, there has been little investigation of whether acute alcohol intoxication moderates this relationship. Because alcohol intoxication is often associated with increased sexual risk taking, further examination of such moderating effects is warranted. Using a community sample of young heterosexual women (n=436) with a history of heavy episodic drinking, this alcohol administration experiment examined the effects of intoxication and condom use self-efficacy on women's condom negotiation and future condom use intentions. After a questionnaire session, alcohol condition (control, .10% target peak BAL) was experimentally manipulated between subjects. Participants then read and responded to a hypothetical risky sexual decision-making scenario. SEM analyses revealed that alcohol intoxication directly decreased women's intentions to use condoms in the future. Women with greater condom use self-efficacy had stronger intentions to engage in condom negotiation; however, this effect was moderated by intoxication. Specifically, the association between condom use self-efficacy and condom negotiation intentions was stronger for intoxicated women than for sober women. These novel findings regarding the synergistic effects of alcohol intoxication and condom use self-efficacy support continued prevention efforts aimed at strengthening women's condom use self-efficacy, which may reduce even those sexual risk decisions made during states of intoxication.

%B Addict Behav %V 39 %P 153-8 %8 2014 Jan %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.019 %0 Journal Article %J J Subst Abuse Treat %D 2014 %T Disseminating contingency management: impacts of staff training and implementation at an opiate treatment program. %A Hartzler, Bryan %A Jackson, T Ron %A Jones, Brinn E %A Beadnell, Blair %A Calsyn, Donald A %K Aged %K Clinical Competence %K Cooperative Behavior %K Diffusion of Innovation %K Feasibility Studies %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Opioid-Related Disorders %K Program Development %K Program Evaluation %K Substance Abuse Treatment Centers %X

Guided by a comprehensive implementation model, this study examined training/implementation processes for a tailored contingency management (CM) intervention instituted at a Clinical Trials Network-affiliate opioid treatment program (OTP). Staff-level training outcomes (intervention delivery skill, knowledge, and adoption readiness) were assessed before and after a 16-hour training, and again following a 90-day trial implementation period. Management-level implementation outcomes (intervention cost, feasibility, and sustainability) were assessed at study conclusion in a qualitative interview with OTP management. Intervention effectiveness was also assessed via independent chart review of trial CM implementation vs. a historical control period. Results included: 1) robust, durable increases in delivery skill, knowledge, and adoption readiness among trained staff; 2) positive managerial perspectives of intervention cost, feasibility, and sustainability; and 3) significant clinical impacts on targeted patient indices. Collective results offer support for the study's collaborative intervention design and the applied, skills-based focus of staff training processes. Implications for CM dissemination are discussed.

%B J Subst Abuse Treat %V 46 %P 429-38 %8 2014 Apr %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1016/j.jsat.2013.12.007 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2014 %T Engagement matters: lessons from assessing classroom implementation of steps to respect: a bullying prevention program over a one-year period. %A Low, Sabina %A Van Ryzin, Mark J %A Brown, Eric C %A Smith, Brian H %A Haggerty, Kevin P %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Altruism %K Bullying %K Curriculum %K Diffusion of Innovation %K Faculty %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Outcome Assessment (Health Care) %K Primary Prevention %K Program Evaluation %K Schools %K Students %K United States %K Violence %X

Steps to Respect: A Bullying Prevention Program (STR) relies on a social-ecological model of prevention to increase school staff awareness and responsiveness, foster socially responsible beliefs among students, and teach social-emotional skills to students to reduce bullying behavior. As part of a school-randomized controlled trial of STR, we examined predictors and outcomes associated with classroom curriculum implementation in intervention schools. Data on classroom implementation (adherence and engagement) were collected from a sample of teachers using a weekly on-line Teacher Implementation Checklist system. Pre-post data related to school bullying-related outcomes were collected from 1,424 students and archival school demographic data were obtained from the National Center for Education Statistics. Results of multilevel analyses indicated that higher levels of program engagement were influenced by school-level percentage of students receiving free/reduced lunch, as well as classroom-level climate indicators. Results also suggest that higher levels of program engagement were related to lower levels of school bullying problems, enhanced school climate and attitudes less supportive of bullying. Predictors and outcomes related to program fidelity (i.e., adherence) were largely nonsignificant. Results suggest that student engagement is a key element of program impact, though implementation is influenced by both school-level demographics and classroom contexts.

%B Prev Sci %V 15 %P 165-76 %8 2014 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s11121-012-0359-1 %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2014 %T Exploring heavy drinking patterns among black and white young adults. %A Klima, Tali %A Skinner, Martie L %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Crutchfield, Robert D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K African Continental Ancestry Group %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcoholic Intoxication %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Young Adult %X

UNLABELLED: ABSTRACT.

OBJECTIVE: This investigation examined patterns of heavy drinking among Black and White young adults from a person-centered perspective and linked family and individual factors in adolescence to young adult drinking patterns.

METHOD: The analysis focuses on 331 10th-grade students (168 Whites, 163 Blacks; 51% males) who were followed into young adulthood (ages 20 and 22). Cluster analyses using heavy episodic drinking, drunkenness, and alcohol problems in young adulthood resulted in groups of drinkers with different patterns. Groups were examined across and within race. Associations between young adult drinking groups and adolescent family and individual factors were tested.

RESULTS: Groups followed well-established race differences, with Whites clustering into frequent drinking groups more than Blacks, and Blacks clustering into non-heavy drinking groups more than Whites. Further, Black heavy drinkers reported fewer alcohol problems than White counterparts. Parental monitoring, consistent discipline, ethnic identity, and delinquency were associated with adult heavy episodic drinking groups for both races. Monitoring and delinquency, along with parental norms, were associated with drunkenness groups for both races. However, race differences were observed for drunkenness clusters such that attachment was predictive for White clusters, and parental guidelines and discipline were predictive for Black clusters.

CONCLUSIONS: Large race differences in heavy drinking at young adulthood were confirmed. Family dynamics in 10th grade were identified as important for the development of different drinking patterns in the early 20s, when many individuals have left home, which suggests a key target for substance use prevention programs. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 839-849, 2014).

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 75 %P 839-49 %8 2014 Sep %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208202?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2014 %T A framework for testing and promoting expanded dissemination of promising preventive interventions that are being implemented in community settings. %A Mason, W A %A Fleming, Charles B %A Thompson, Ronald W %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Snyder, James J %K Diffusion of Innovation %K Evidence-Based Medicine %K Female %K Health Promotion %K Humans %K Male %K Preventive Health Services %K Program Development %K Registries %K United States %X

Many evidence-based preventive interventions have been developed in recent years, but few are widely used. With the current focus on efficacy trials, widespread dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions are often afterthoughts. One potential strategy for reversing this trend is to find a promising program with a strong delivery vehicle in place and improve and test the program's efficacy through rigorous evaluation. If the program is supported by evidence, the dissemination vehicle is already in place and potentially can be expanded. This strategy has been used infrequently and has met with limited success to date, in part, because the field lacks a framework for guiding such research. To address this gap, we outline a framework for moving promising preventive interventions that are currently being implemented in community settings through a process of rigorous testing and, if needed, program modification in order to promote expanded dissemination. The framework is guided by RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) (Glasgow et al., Am J Publ Health 89:1322-1327, 1999), which focuses attention on external as well as internal validity in program tests, and is illustrated with examples. Challenges, such as responding to negative and null results, and opportunities inherent in the framework are discussed.

%B Prev Sci %V 15 %P 674-83 %8 2014 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1007/s11121-013-0409-3 %0 Journal Article %J Drug Alcohol Depend %D 2014 %T General and substance-specific predictors of young adult nicotine dependence, alcohol use disorder, and problem behavior: replication in two samples. %A Bailey, J A %A Samek, D R %A Keyes, M A %A Hill, K G %A Hicks, B M %A McGue, M %A Iacono, W G %A Epstein, M %A Catalano, R F %A Haggerty, K P %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Alcohol-Related Disorders %K Antisocial Personality Disorder %K Child %K Family Health %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Minnesota %K Northwestern United States %K Risk Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Tobacco Use Disorder %K Twins %K Unsafe Sex %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: This paper presents two replications of a heuristic model for measuring environment in studies of gene-environment interplay in the etiology of young adult problem behaviors.

METHODS: Data were drawn from two longitudinal, U.S. studies of the etiology of substance use and related behaviors: the Raising Healthy Children study (RHC; N=1040, 47% female) and the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS; N=1512, 50% female). RHC included a Pacific Northwest, school-based, community sample. MTFS included twins identified from state birth records in Minnesota. Both studies included commensurate measures of general family environment and family substance-specific environments in adolescence (RHC ages 10-18; MTFS age 18), as well as young adult nicotine dependence, alcohol and illicit drug use disorders, HIV sexual risk behavior, and antisocial behavior (RHC ages 24, 25; MTFS age 25).

RESULTS: Results from the two samples were highly consistent and largely supported the heuristic model proposed by Bailey et al. (2011). Adolescent general family environment, family smoking environment, and family drinking environment predicted shared variance in problem behaviors in young adulthood. Family smoking environment predicted unique variance in young adult nicotine dependence. Family drinking environment did not appear to predict unique variance in young adult alcohol use disorder.

CONCLUSIONS: Organizing environmental predictors and outcomes into general and substance-specific measures provides a useful way forward in modeling complex environments and phenotypes. Results suggest that programs aimed at preventing young adult problem behaviors should target general family environment and family smoking and drinking environments in adolescence.

%B Drug Alcohol Depend %V 138 %P 161-8 %8 2014 May 1 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.023 %0 Journal Article %J Child Youth Serv Rev %D 2014 %T In search of connection: The foster youth and caregiver relationship. %A Storer, Heather L %A Barkan, Susan E %A Stenhouse, Linnea L %A Eichenlaub, Caroline %A Mallillin, Anastasia %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

Placement instability is an ongoing challenge for the 125,000 foster youth aged 14 - 18 that are living in foster care, with youth living in approximately 3 placements before aging out of the system. Despite the importance caring adult relationships can play in promoting positive youth development and resiliency, there has been limited inquiry into the characteristics of the foster youth and caregiver relationship. The goal of this paper is to provide a descriptive account of the foster youth and caregiver relationship, and explore what qualities and experiences foster youth desire from their caregivers. Qualitative data were gathered from 9 focus groups. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis approaches. Foster youth, caregivers, and child welfare staff described relationships lacking in formative bonds and connection, where youth didn't "fit in", and chaotic homes marked by reactivity and judgment. Characteristics of supportive foster homes include a sense of belonging, structure, guidance, and consistency. This research underscores the important role positive relationships can play in foster youth's feelings of well-being and points to the need for foster parent training to include tangible strategies to develop stronger bonds.

%B Child Youth Serv Rev %V 42 %P 110-117 %8 2014 Jul %G ENG %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26052173?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.04.008 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Public Health %D 2014 %T Long-term consequences of adolescent gang membership for adult functioning. %A Gilman, Amanda B %A Hill, Karl G %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Child %K Crime %K Female %K Health Status %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Mental Health %K Peer Group %K Public Assistance %K Risk Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Violence %X

OBJECTIVES: We examined the possible public health consequences of adolescent gang membership for adult functioning.

METHODS: Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project, a longitudinal study focusing on the development of positive and problem outcomes. Using propensity score matching and logistic regression analyses, we assessed the effects of adolescent gang membership on illegal behavior, educational and occupational attainment, and physical and mental health at the ages of 27, 30, and 33 years.

RESULTS: In comparison with their nongang peers, who had been matched on 23 confounding risk variables known to be related to selection into gang membership, those who had joined a gang in adolescence had poorer outcomes in multiple areas of adult functioning, including higher rates of self-reported crime, receipt of illegal income, incarceration, drug abuse or dependence, poor general health, and welfare receipt and lower rates of high school graduation.

CONCLUSIONS: The finding that adolescent gang membership has significant consequences in adulthood beyond criminal behavior indicates the public health importance of the development of effective gang prevention programs.

%B Am J Public Health %V 104 %P 938-45 %8 2014 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301821 %0 Journal Article %J Youth Soc %D 2014 %T Negative and Positive Factors Associated With the Well-Being of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Questioning (LGBTQ) Youth. %A Higa, Darrel %A Hoppe, Marilyn J %A Lindhorst, Taryn %A Mincer, Shawn %A Beadnell, Blair %A Morrison, Diane M %A Wells, Elizabeth A %A Todd, Avry %A Mountz, Sarah %X

Factors associated with the well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth were qualitatively examined to better understand how these factors are experienced from the youths' perspectives. Largely recruited from LGBTQ youth groups, 68 youth participated in focus groups (n = 63) or individual interviews (n = 5). The sample included 50% male, 47% female, and 3% transgender participants. Researchers used a consensual methods approach to identify negative and positive factors across 8 domains. Negative factors were associated with families, schools, religious institutions, and community or neighborhood; positive factors were associated with the youth's own identity development, peer networks, and involvement in the LGBTQ community. These findings suggest a pervasiveness of negative experiences in multiple contexts, and the importance of fostering a positive LGBTQ identity and supportive peer/community networks. Efforts should work towards reducing and eliminating the prejudicial sentiments often present in the institutions and situations that LGBTQ youth encounter.

%B Youth Soc %V 46 %P 663-687 %8 2014 Sep %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1177/0044118X12449630 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2014 %T The onset of STI diagnosis through age 30: results from the Seattle Social Development Project Intervention. %A Hill, Karl G %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F %A Kosterman, Rick %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Abbott, Robert D %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Child %K Female %K Health Promotion %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Outcome Assessment (Health Care) %K Parent-Child Relations %K Risk-Taking %K Sexually Transmitted Diseases %K Social Adjustment %K Unsafe Sex %K Urban Population %K Washington %X

The objectives of this study were to examine (1) whether the onset of sexually transmitted infections (STI) through age 30 differed for youths who received a social developmental intervention during elementary grades compared to those in the control condition; (2) potential social-developmental mediators of this intervention; and (3) the extent to which these results differed by ethnicity. A nonrandomized controlled trial followed participants to age 30, 18 years after the intervention ended. Three intervention conditions were compared: a full-intervention group, assigned to intervention in grades 1 through 6; a late intervention group, assigned to intervention in grades 5 and 6 only; and a no-treatment control group. Eighteen public elementary schools serving diverse neighborhoods including high-crime neighborhoods of Seattle are the setting of the study. Six hundred eight participants in three intervention conditions were interviewed from age 10 through 30. Interventions include teacher training in classroom instruction and management, child social and emotional skill development, and parent workshops. Outcome is the cumulative onset of participant report of STI diagnosis. Adolescent family environment, bonding to school, antisocial peer affiliation, early sex initiation, alcohol use, cigarette use, and marijuana use were tested as potential intervention mechanisms. Complementary log-log survival analysis found significantly lower odds of STI onset for the full-intervention compared to the control condition. The lowering of STI onset risk was significantly greater for African Americans and Asian Americans compared to European Americans. Family environment, school bonding, and delayed initiation of sexual behavior mediated the relationship between treatment and STI hazard. A universal intervention for urban elementary school children, focused on classroom management and instruction, children's social competence, and parenting practices may reduce the onset of STI through age 30, especially for African Americans.

%B Prev Sci %V 15 Suppl 1 %P S19-32 %8 2014 Feb %G eng %R 10.1007/s11121-013-0382-x %0 Journal Article %J Gerontologist %D 2014 %T Physical and mental health of transgender older adults: an at-risk and underserved population. %A Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I %A Cook-Daniels, Loree %A Kim, Hyun-Jun %A Erosheva, Elena A %A Emlet, Charles A %A Hoy-Ellis, Charles P %A Goldsen, Jayn %A Muraco, Anna %K Data Collection %K Health Status %K Humans %K Mental Health %K Middle Aged %K Risk Factors %K Transgender Persons %K Vulnerable Populations %X

PURPOSE: This study is one of the first to examine the physical and mental health of transgender older adults and to identify modifiable factors that account for health risks in this underserved population.

DESIGN AND METHODS: Utilizing data from a cross-sectional survey of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults aged 50 and older (N = 2,560), we assessed direct and indirect effects of gender identity on 4 health outcomes (physical health, disability, depressive symptomatology, and perceived stress) based on a resilience conceptual framework.

RESULTS: Transgender older adults were at significantly higher risk of poor physical health, disability, depressive symptomatology, and perceived stress compared with nontransgender participants. We found significant indirect effects of gender identity on the health outcomes via fear of accessing health services, lack of physical activity, internalized stigma, victimization, and lack of social support; other mediators included obesity for physical health and disability, identity concealment for perceived stress, and community belonging for depressive symptomatology and perceived stress. Further analyses revealed that risk factors (victimization and stigma) explained the highest proportion of the total effect of gender identity on health outcomes.

IMPLICATIONS: The study identifies important modifiable factors (stigma, victimization, health-related behaviors, and social support) associated with health among transgender older adults. Reducing stigma and victimization and including gender identity in nondiscrimination and hate crime statutes are important steps to reduce health risks. Attention to bolstering individual and community-level social support must be considered when developing tailored interventions to address transgender older adults' distinct health and aging needs.

%B Gerontologist %V 54 %P 488-500 %8 2014 Jun %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1093/geront/gnt021 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2014 %T Prevalence and community variation in harmful levels of family conflict witnessed by children: implications for prevention. %A Habib, Cherine %A Toumbourou, John W %A McRitchie, Martin %A Williams, Joanne %A Kremer, Peter %A McKenzie, Dean %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Australia %K Child %K Depression %K Family Conflict %K Female %K Health Promotion %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Prevalence %K Risk Factors %K Surveys and Questionnaires %X

Children's reports of high family conflict consistently predict poor outcomes. The study identified criteria for high family conflict based on prospective prediction of increased risk for childhood depression. These criteria were subsequently used to establish the prevalence of high family conflict in Australian communities and to identify community correlates suitable for targeting prevention programs. Study 1 utilised a longitudinal design. Grade 6 and 8 students completed a family conflict scale (from the widely used Communities That Care survey) in 2003 and depression symptomotology were evaluated at a 1-year follow-up (International Youth Development Study, N = 1,798). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis yielded a cut-off point on a family conflict score with depression symptomatology as a criterion variable. A cut-off score of 2.5 or more (on a scale of 1 to 4) correctly identified 69 % with depression symptomology, with a specificity of 77.2 % and sensitivity at 44.3 %. Study 2 used data from an Australian national survey of Grade 6 and 8 children (Healthy Neighbourhoods Study, N = 8,256). Prevalence estimates were calculated, and multivariate logistic regression with multi-level modelling was used to establish factors associated with community variation in family conflict levels. Thirty-three percent of Australian children in 2006 were exposed to levels of family conflict that are likely to increase their future risk for depression. Significant community correlates for elevated family conflict included Indigenous Australian identification, socioeconomic disadvantage, urban and state location, maternal absence and paternal unemployment. The analysis provides indicators for targeting family-level mental health promotion programs.

%B Prev Sci %V 15 %P 757-66 %8 2014 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1007/s11121-013-0416-4 %0 Journal Article %J Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol %D 2014 %T Prevalence and risk factors for self-reported violence of Osaka and Seattle male youths. %A Bui, Laura %A Farrington, David P %A Ueda, Mitsuaki %A Hill, Karl G %X

Traditionally, Japan has been regarded as a country with low crime. Comparative research has given insights into the extent of similarities and differences in crime between America and Japan. The importance of these studies is the examination of whether Western-established criminological knowledge is applicable to non-Western societies like Japan. Unfortunately, comparative self-report studies involving Japan and investigating youth offending are scarce. The current study investigates risk factors and self-reports of violence from Osaka and Seattle male youths. The findings reveal that Japanese male youths self-report a higher prevalence of violence than Seattle male youths. Risk factors for violence, issues of comparability, and prevalence versus strength of relationships of risk factors are examined. It is concluded that the higher prevalence of violence in Osaka is primarily a function of the higher prevalence of troubled peers and risk taking. The findings call for replication of this type of comparative research.

%B Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol %V 58 %P 1540-57 %8 2014 Dec %G eng %N 12 %R 10.1177/0306624X13501472 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2014 %T Prevention system mediation of Communities That Care effects on youth outcomes %A Brown, Eric C %A Hawkins, J D %A Rhew, Isaac C %A Shapiro, Valerie B %A Abbott, Robert D %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Arthur, Michael W %A Briney, John S %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Negotiating %K Residence Characteristics %K Social Welfare %K Social Work %K Substance-Related Disorders %K United States %X

This study examined whether the significant intervention effects of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system on youth problem behaviors observed in a panel of eighth-grade students (Hawkins et al. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 163:789-798 2009) were mediated by community-level prevention system constructs posited in the CTC theory of change. Potential prevention system constructs included the community's degree of (a) adoption of a science-based approach to prevention, (b) collaboration on prevention activities, (c) support for prevention, and (d) norms against adolescent drug use as reported by key community leaders in 24 communities. Higher levels of community adoption of a science-based approach to prevention and support for prevention in 2004 predicted significantly lower levels of youth problem behaviors in 2007, and higher levels of community norms against adolescent drug use predicted lower levels of youth drug use in 2007. Effects of the CTC intervention on youth problem behaviors by the end of eighth grade were mediated fully by community adoption of a science-based approach to prevention. No other significant mediated effects were found. Results support CTC's theory of change that encourages communities to adopt a science-based approach to prevention as a primary mechanism for improving youth outcomes.

%B Prev Sci %V 15 %P 623-32 %8 2014 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1007/s11121-013-0413-7 %0 Journal Article %J AIDS Behav %D 2014 %T Prospective predictors of unprotected anal intercourse among HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men initiating antiretroviral therapy. %A Pantalone, David W %A Huh, David %A Nelson, Kimberly M %A Pearson, Cynthia R %A Simoni, Jane M %K Adult %K Anti-HIV Agents %K Drug Administration Schedule %K Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice %K HIV Infections %K HIV Seropositivity %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Latin America %K Logistic Models %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Prospective Studies %K Sexual Behavior %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Stress, Psychological %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Unsafe Sex %K Vulnerable Populations %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

Contemporary HIV prevention efforts are increasingly focused on those already living with HIV/AIDS (i.e., "prevention with positives"). Key to these initiatives is research identifying the most risky behavioral targets. Using a longitudinal design, we examined socio-demographic and psychosocial factors that prospectively predicted unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in a sample of 134 HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM) initiating, changing, or re-starting an antiretroviral therapy regimen as part of a behavioral intervention study. Computer-based questionnaires were given at baseline and 6 months. In a sequential logistic regression, baseline measures of UAI (step 1), socio-demographic factors such as Latino ethnicity (step 2), and psychosocial factors such as crystal methamphetamine use, greater life stress, and lower trait anxiety (step 3) were predictors of UAI at 6 months. Problem drinking was not a significant predictor. Prevention efforts among MSM living with HIV/AIDS might focus on multiple psychosocial targets, like decreasing their crystal methamphetamine use and teaching coping skills to deal with life stress.

%B AIDS Behav %V 18 %P 78-87 %8 2014 Jan %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1007/s10461-013-0477-1 %0 Journal Article %J J Early Adolesc %D 2014 %T Reassessing the effects of early adolescent alcohol use on later antisocial behavior: A longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Heerde, Jessica A %A Scholes-Balog, Kirsty E %A Smith, Rachel %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %X

The effect of early adolescent alcohol use on antisocial behavior was examined at one- and two-year follow-up in Washington, United States and Victoria, Australia. Each state used the same methods to survey statewide representative samples of students (N = 1,858, 52% female) in 2002 (Grade 7 [G7]), 2003 (Grade 8 [G8]), and 2004 (Grade 9 [G9]). Rates of lifetime, current, frequent, and heavy episodic alcohol use were higher in Victoria than Washington State, whereas rates of five antisocial behaviors were generally comparable across states. After controlling for established risk factors, few associations between alcohol use and antisocial behavior remained, except that G7 current use predicted G8 police arrests and stealing and G9 carrying a weapon and stealing; G7 heavy episodic use predicted G8 and G9 police arrests; and G7 lifetime use predicted G9 carrying a weapon. Hence, risk factors other than alcohol were stronger predictors of antisocial behaviors.

%B J Early Adolesc %V 34 %P 360-386 %8 2014 Apr 1 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/0272431613491830 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2014 %T Research priorities for economic analyses of prevention: Current issues and future directions. %A Crowley, D M %A Hill, L G %A Kuklinski, Margaret R %A Jones, Damon E %K Biomedical Research %K Congresses as Topic %K Cost-Benefit Analysis %K Forecasting %K Humans %K Preventive Medicine %X

In response to growing interest in economic analyses of prevention efforts, a diverse group of prevention researchers, economists, and policy analysts convened a scientific panel, on "Research Priorities in Economic Analysis of Prevention" at the 19th annual conference of the Society for Prevention Research. The panel articulated four priorities that, if followed in future research, would make economic analyses of prevention efforts easier to compare and more relevant to policymakers and community stakeholders. These priorities are: (1) increased standardization of evaluation methods, (2) improved economic valuation of common prevention outcomes, (3) expanded efforts to maximize evaluation generalizability and impact as well as (4) enhanced transparency and communicability of economic evaluations. In this paper, we define three types of economic analyses in prevention, provide context and rationale for these four priorities as well as related sub-priorities, and discuss the challenges inherent in meeting them.

%B Prev Sci %V 15 %P 789-98 %8 2014 Dec %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s11121-013-0429-z %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2014 %T Sex risk behavior among adolescent and young adult children of opiate addicts: outcomes from the focus on families prevention trial and an examination of childhood and concurrent predictors of sex risk behavior. %A Skinner, Martie L %A Fleming, Charles B %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Child %K Child of Impaired Parents %K Female %K Health Promotion %K Humans %K Male %K Opioid-Related Disorders %K Risk Factors %K Risk-Taking %K Unsafe Sex %X

This study reports on rates and predictors of sex risk behavior among a sample of adolescent and young adult children of parents enrolled in methadone treatment for opiate addiction. Data are from 151 participants (80 males, 71 females) in the Focus on Families (FOF) project, a randomized trial of a family intervention and a study of the development of at-risk children. The study participants are children of parents enrolled in methadone treatment between 1990 and 1993. Participants were interviewed in 2005 when they ranged in age from 15 to 29 years. In the year prior to the follow-up, 79% of the males and 83% of females were sexually active, 26% of males and 10% of females had more than one partner in the prior year, and 34% of males and 24% of females reported having sex outside of a committed relationship. Twenty-four percent of males and 17% of females met criteria for high-risk sexual behavior, reporting casual or multiple partners in the prior year and inconsistent condom use. Participants in the intervention and control conditions did not differ significantly in terms of any measure of sex risk behavior examined. None of the measures of parent behavior and family processes derived from data at baseline of the FOF study predicted whether participants engaged in high-risk sex. Among measures derived from data collected at long-term follow-up, however, having ever met criteria for substance abuse or dependence predicted greater likelihood of high-risk sexual behavior, and being married or being in a romantic relationship was associated with lower likelihood of high-risk sexual behavior. The findings point to the important role of committed relationships in regulating sex risk behavior among this population, as well as heightened levels of sex risk behavior associated with substance abuse or dependence.

%B Prev Sci %V 15 Suppl 1 %P S70-7 %8 2014 Feb %G eng %R 10.1007/s11121-012-0327-9 %0 Journal Article %J J Sex Res %D 2014 %T Sexual risk behavior in young adulthood: broadening the scope beyond early sexual initiation. %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Manhart, Lisa E %A Hill, Karl G %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Time Factors %K Young Adult %X

A robust link between early sexual initiation and sexual risk-taking behavior is reported in previous studies. The relationship may not be causal, however, as the effect of common risk factors is often not considered. The current study examined whether early initiation was a key predictor of risky sexual behavior in the 20s and 30s, over and above co-occurring individual and environmental factors. Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project, a longitudinal panel of 808 youth. Early predictors (ages 10 to 15) and sexual risk taking (ages 21 to 24 and 30 to 33) were assessed prospectively. Early sexual initiation (before age 15) was entered into a series of probit regressions that also included family, neighborhood, peer, and individual risk factors. Although a positive bivariate relation between early sexual initiation and sexual risk taking was observed at both ages, the link did not persist when co-occurring risk factors were included. Behavioral disinhibition and antisocial peer influences emerged as the strongest predictors of sexual risk over and above early sexual initiation. These results suggest that early sexual initiation must be considered in the context of common antecedents; public health policy aimed at delaying sexual intercourse alone is unlikely to substantially reduce sexual risk behavior in young adulthood.

%B J Sex Res %V 51 %P 721-30 %8 2014 %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1080/00224499.2013.849652 %0 Journal Article %J Arch Sex Behav %D 2014 %T Sexual victimization, alcohol intoxication, sexual-emotional responding, and sexual risk in heavy episodic drinking women. %A George, William H %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Masters, N Tatiana %A Jacques-Tiura, Angela J %A Heiman, Julia R %A Norris, Jeanette %A Gilmore, Amanda K %A Nguyen, Hong V %A Kajumulo, Kelly F %A Otto, Jacqueline M %A Andrasik, Michele P %K Adult %K Alcoholic Intoxication %K Child %K Child Abuse, Sexual %K Crime Victims %K Ethanol %K Female %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Libido %K Rape %K Risk %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Unsafe Sex %K Young Adult %X

This study used an experimental paradigm to investigate the roles of sexual victimization history and alcohol intoxication in young women's sexual-emotional responding and sexual risk taking. A nonclinical community sample of 436 young women, with both an instance of heavy episodic drinking and some HIV/STI risk exposure in the past year, completed childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adolescent/adult sexual assault (ASA) measures. A majority of them reported CSA and/or ASA, including rape and attempted rape. After random assignment to a high alcohol dose (.10 %) or control condition, participants read and projected themselves into an eroticized scenario of a sexual encounter involving a new partner. As the story protagonist, each participant rated her positive mood and her sexual arousal, sensation, and desire, and then indicated her likelihood of engaging in unprotected sex. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that ASA and alcohol were directly associated with heightened risk taking, and alcohol's effects were partially mediated by positive mood and sexual desire. ASA was associated with attenuated sexual-emotional responding and resulted in diminished risk taking via this suppression. These are the first findings indicating that, compared to non-victimized counterparts, sexually victimized women respond differently in alcohol-involved sexual encounters in terms of sexual-emotional responding and risk-taking intentions. Implications include assessing victimization history and drinking among women seeking treatment for either concern, particularly women at risk for HIV, and alerting them to ways their histories and behavior may combine to exacerbate their sexual risks.

%B Arch Sex Behav %V 43 %P 645-58 %8 2014 May %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s10508-013-0143-8 %0 Journal Article %J Arch Sex Behav %D 2014 %T Sexually explicit online media and sexual risk among men who have sex with men in the United States. %A Nelson, Kimberly M %A Simoni, Jane M %A Morrison, Diane M %A George, William H %A Leickly, Emily %A Lengua, Liliana J %A Hawes, Stephen E %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Erotica %K HIV Infections %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Internet %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Risk-Taking %K Socioeconomic Factors %K United States %K Unsafe Sex %K Young Adult %X

This study aimed to describe sexually explicit online media (SEOM) consumption among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States and examine associations between exposure to unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in SEOM and engagement in both UAI and serodiscordant UAI. MSM in the U.S. who accessed a men-seeking-men website in the past year (N = 1,170) were recruited online for a cross-sectional, Internet-based survey of sexual risk and SEOM consumption. In the 3 months prior to interview, more than half (57 %) of the men reported viewing SEOM one or more times per day and almost half (45 %) reported that at least half of the SEOM they viewed portrayed UAI. Compared to participants who reported that 0-24 % of the SEOM they viewed showed UAI, participants who reported that 25-49, 50-74, or 75-100 % of the SEOM they viewed portrayed UAI had progressively increasing odds of engaging in UAI and serodiscordant UAI in the past 3 months. As SEOM has become more ubiquitous and accessible, research should examine causal relations between SEOM consumption and sexual risk-taking among MSM as well as ways to use SEOM for HIV prevention.

%B Arch Sex Behav %V 43 %P 833-43 %8 2014 May %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s10508-013-0238-2 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2014 %T Understanding the link between early sexual initiation and later sexually transmitted infection: test and replication in two longitudinal studies. %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Manhart, Lisa E %A Hill, Karl G %A Hawkins, J D %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Models, Theoretical %K Puberty %K Risk Factors %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Abstinence %K Sexual Behavior %K Sexually Transmitted Diseases %X

PURPOSE: Age at sexual initiation is strongly associated with sexually transmitted infections (STI); yet, prevention programs aiming to delay sexual initiation have shown mixed results in reducing STI. This study tested three explanatory mechanisms for the relationship between early sexual debut and STI: number of sexual partners, individual characteristics, and environmental antecedents.

METHODS: A test-and-replicate strategy was employed using two longitudinal studies: the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) and Raising Healthy Children (RHC). Childhood measures included pubertal age, behavioral disinhibition, and family, school, and peer influences. Alcohol use and age of sexual debut were measured during adolescence. Lifetime number of sexual partners and having sex under the influence were measured during young adulthood. Sexually transmitted infection diagnosis was self-reported at age 24. Early sex was defined as debut at <15 years. Path models were developed in SSDP evaluating relationships between measures, and were then tested in RHC.

RESULTS: The relationship between early sex and STI was fully mediated by lifetime sex partners in SSDP, but only partially in RHC, after accounting for co-occurring factors. Behavioral disinhibition predicted early sex, early alcohol use, number of sexual partners, and sex under the influence, but had no direct effect on STI. Family management protected against early sex and early alcohol use, whereas antisocial peers exacerbated the risk.

CONCLUSIONS: Early sexual initiation, a key mediator of STI, is driven by antecedents that influence multiple risk behaviors. Targeting co-occurring individual and environmental factors may be more effective than discouraging early sexual debut and may concomitantly improve other risk behaviors.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 54 %P 435-441.e2 %8 2014 Apr %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.09.016 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2014 %T Variation in the sustained effects of the Communities That Care prevention system on adolescent smoking, delinquency, and violence. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hawkins, J D %A Fagan, Abigail A %A Abbott, Robert D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adolescent Health Services %K Alcohol Drinking %K Community Health Services %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Male %K Prevalence %K Program Evaluation %K Risk Factors %K Risk Reduction Behavior %K Smoking %K United States %K Violence %X

Communities That Care (CTC) is a universal, science-based community prevention system designed to reduce risk, enhance protection, and prevent adolescent health and behavior problems community wide. CTC has been found to have sustained effects on cigarette use and delinquent and violent behaviors in grade 10 in a panel of 4,407 students followed from fifth grade in a community randomized trial. It is important to test variation in the effects of this prevention system designed to be universal to understand for whom it is most effective and whether it fails to produce change or leads to iatrogenic effects for certain categories of individuals. The present study examined variation in the sustained effects of CTC on tenth-grade cigarette use and delinquent and violent behaviors. Interaction analyses suggest that the effect of CTC did not differ between those who had high levels of community-targeted risk factors at baseline or had already engaged in substance use, delinquency, or violence at baseline versus those who had not. Although CTC reduced the prevalence of both girls' and boys' problem behaviors, the effect on delinquency was marginally (p = 0.08) larger for boys than for girls.

%B Prev Sci %V 15 %P 138-45 %8 2014 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s11121-013-0365-y %0 Journal Article %J J Sex Res %D 2014 %T Women's unprotected sex intentions: roles of sexual victimization, intoxication, and partner perception. %A Masters, N Tatiana %A George, William H %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Norris, Jeanette %A Heiman, Julia R %A Jacques-Tiura, Angela J %A Gilmore, Amanda K %A Nguyen, Hong V %A Kajumulo, Kelly F %A Otto, Jacqueline M %A Stappenbeck, Cynthia A %K Adult %K Adult Survivors of Child Abuse %K Alcoholic Intoxication %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Intention %K Sex Offenses %K Social Perception %K Unsafe Sex %K Young Adult %X

Sexually victimized women may make sexual decisions differently than nonvictimized women. This study used an eroticized scenario and laboratory alcohol administration to investigate the roles of victimization history, intoxication, and relationship context in women's perceptions of a male partner and their subsequent intentions for unprotected sex. A community sample of 436 women completed childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adolescent/adult sexual assault (ASA) measures. After random assignment to an alcohol or control condition, participants read and projected themselves into a sexual scenario that depicted the male partner as having high or low potential for a lasting relationship. Participants rated their perceptions of his intoxication, sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk level, and anticipated reactions to insistence on condom use. They then indicated their likelihood of allowing the partner to decide how far to go sexually (abdication) and of engaging in unprotected sex. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses revealed that intoxication predicted greater unprotected sex likelihood indirectly via abdication. CSA and ASA predicted partner perceptions, which in turn predicted unprotected sex likelihood. These findings indicate that, compared to their nonvictimized counterparts, sexually victimized women may respond differently in sexual encounters partly as a function of their perceptions of partners' STI risk and anticipated reactions to condom insistence.

%B J Sex Res %V 51 %P 586-98 %8 2014 %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1080/00224499.2012.763086 %0 Journal Article %J JAMA Pediatr %D 2014 %T Youth problem behaviors 8 years after implementing the Communities That Care prevention system: A community-randomized trial. %A Hawkins, J D %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Brown, Eric C %A Abbott, Robert D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adolescent Health Services %K Alcohol Drinking %K Child %K Community Health Services %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Male %K Prevalence %K Program Evaluation %K Risk Factors %K Risk Reduction Behavior %K Smoking %K Substance-Related Disorders %K United States %K Violence %X

IMPORTANCE: Community-based efforts to prevent adolescent problem behaviors are essential to promote public health and achieve collective impact community wide. OBJECTIVE To test whether the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system reduced levels of risk and adolescent problem behaviors community wide 8 years after implementation of CTC.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A community-randomized trial was performed in 24 small towns in 7 states, matched within state, assigned randomly to a control or intervention group in 2003. All fifth-grade students attending public schools in study communities in 2003-2004 who received consent from their parents to participate (76.4% of the eligible population) were included. A panel of 4407 fifth graders was surveyed through 12th grade, with 92.5% of the sample participating at the last follow-up.

INTERVENTIONS: A coalition of community stakeholders received training and technical assistance to install CTC, used epidemiologic data to identify elevated risk factors and depressed protective factors for adolescent problem behaviors in the community, and implemented tested and effective programs for youths aged 10 to 14 years as well as their families and schools to address their community's elevated risks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Levels of targeted risk; sustained abstinence, and cumulative incidence by grade 12; and current prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use, delinquency, and violence in 12th grade.

RESULTS: By spring of 12th grade, students in CTC communities were more likely than students in control communities to have abstained from any drug use (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63), drinking alcohol (ARR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.09-1.58), smoking cigarettes (ARR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27), and engaging in delinquency (ARR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.36). They were also less likely to ever have committed a violent act (ARR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98). There were no significant differences by intervention group in targeted risks, the prevalence of past-month or past-year substance use, or past-year delinquency or violence.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Using the CTC system continued to prevent the initiation of adolescent problem behaviors through 12th grade, 8 years after implementation of CTC and 3 years after study-provided resources ended, but did not produce reductions in current levels of risk or current prevalence of problem behavior in 12th grade. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01088542.

%B JAMA Pediatr %V 168 %P 122-9 %8 2014 Feb %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4009 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2013 %T Addressing core challenges for the next generation of type 2 translation research and systems: the translation science to population impact (TSci Impact) framework. %A Spoth, Richard %A Rohrbach, Louise A %A Greenberg, Mark %A Leaf, Philip %A Brown, C H %A Fagan, Abigail %A Catalano, Richard F %A Pentz, M A %A Sloboda, Zili %A Hawkins, J D %K Evidence-Based Practice %K Translational Medical Research %X

Evidence-based preventive interventions developed over the past two decades represent great potential for enhancing public health and well-being. Research confirming the limited extent to which these interventions have been broadly and effectively implemented, however, indicates much progress is needed to achieve population-level impact. In part, progress requires Type 2 translation research that investigates the complex processes and systems through which evidence-based interventions are adopted, implemented, and sustained on a large scale, with a strong orientation toward devising empirically-driven strategies for increasing their population impact. In this article, we address two core challenges to the advancement of T2 translation research: (1) building infrastructure and capacity to support systems-oriented scaling up of evidence-based interventions, with well-integrated practice-oriented T2 research, and (2) developing an agenda and improving research methods for advancing T2 translation science. We also summarize a heuristic "Translation Science to Population Impact (TSci Impact) Framework." It articulates key considerations in addressing the core challenges, with three components that represent: (1) four phases of translation functions to be investigated (pre-adoption, adoption, implementation, and sustainability); (2) the multiple contexts in which translation occurs, ranging from community to national levels; and (3) necessary practice and research infrastructure supports. Discussion of the framework addresses the critical roles of practitioner-scientist partnerships and networks, governmental agencies and policies at all levels, plus financing partnerships and structures, all required for both infrastructure development and advances in the science. The article concludes with two sets of recommended action steps that could provide impetus for advancing the next generation of T2 translation science and, in turn, potentially enhance the health and well-being of subsequent generations of youth and families.

%B Prev Sci %V 14 %P 319-51 %8 2013 Aug %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s11121-012-0362-6 %0 Journal Article %J Accid Anal Prev %D 2013 %T Adolescent exposure to drink driving as a predictor of young adults' drink driving. %A Evans-Whipp, Tracy J %A Plenty, Stephanie M %A Toumbourou, John W %A Olsson, Craig %A Rowland, Bosco %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %K Adolescent %K Alcohol Drinking %K Automobile Driving %K Child %K Dangerous Behavior %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Humans %K Imitative Behavior %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Multivariate Analysis %K Risk Factors %K Self Report %K Victoria %K Young Adult %X

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of exposure to others' drink driving during adolescence on self-reported driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol in young adulthood. Data were drawn from 1956 participants with a driving license enrolled in the International Youth Development Study from Victoria, Australia. During 2003 and 2004, adolescents in Grades 7, 9 and 10 (aged 12-17) completed questionnaires examining whether they had ridden in a vehicle with a driver who had been drinking, as well as other demographic, individual, peer and family risk factors for DUI. In 2010, the same participants (aged 18-24) then reported on their own DUI behaviour. 18% of young adults with a driving license reported DUI in the past 12 months. Exposure to others' drink driving during adolescence was associated with an increased likelihood of DUI as a young adult (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.68-2.69). This association remained after accounting for the effects of other potential confounding factors from the individual, peer and family domains (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.23-2.13). Observing the drink driving behaviours of others during adolescence may increase the likelihood of DUI as a young adult. Strategies to reduce youth exposure to drink driving are warranted.

%B Accid Anal Prev %V 51 %P 185-91 %8 2013 Mar %G eng %R 10.1016/j.aap.2012.11.016 %0 Journal Article %J Drug Alcohol Depend %D 2013 %T Alcohol and tobacco use disorder comorbidity in young adults and the influence of romantic partner environments. %A Meacham, Meredith C %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hill, Karl G %A Epstein, Marina %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Alcoholism %K Comorbidity %K Conflict (Psychology) %K Depression %K Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders %K Ethnic Groups %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Regression Analysis %K Sex Factors %K Sexual Partners %K Social Environment %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Tobacco Use %K Treatment Outcome %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: Although there is considerable evidence that the development of tobacco dependence (TD) and that of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are intertwined, less is known about the comorbid development of these disorders. The present study examines tobacco dependence and alcohol use disorder comorbidity in young adulthood within the context of romantic partner relationships.

METHODS: Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project, a contemporary, ethnically diverse, and gender balanced longitudinal panel including 808 participants. A typological person-centered approach was used to assign participants to four outcome groups: no disorder, tobacco dependence (TD) only, alcohol use disorder (AUD) only, and comorbid (both). Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the association between partner general and substance-specific environments and single or dual alcohol and tobacco use disorder diagnosis in young adulthood (ages 24-33, n=628). Previous heavy alcohol and tobacco use were controlled for, as were dispositional characteristics, gender, ethnicity, adult SES, and adult depression.

RESULTS: Greater partner conflict increased the likelihood of being comorbid compared to having TD only or AUD only. Having a smoking partner increased the likelihood of being comorbid compared to having AUD only, but having a drinking partner did not significantly distinguish being comorbid from having TD only.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings demonstrated the utility of a comorbidity-based, person-centered approach and the influence of general and tobacco-specific, but not alcohol-specific, partner environments on comorbid alcohol and tobacco use disorders in young adulthood.

%B Drug Alcohol Depend %V 132 %P 149-57 %8 2013 Sep 1 %G eng %N 1-2 %R 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.017 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2013 %T The application of meta-analysis within a matched-pair randomized control trial: An illustration testing the effects of Communities That Care on delinquent behavior. %A Monahan, Kathryn C %A Hawkins, J D %A Abbott, Robert D %K Adolescent %K Age of Onset %K Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders %K Child %K Cohort Studies %K Consumer Participation %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Matched-Pair Analysis %K Meta-Analysis as Topic %K Risk Factors %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %X

Use of meta-analytic strategies to test intervention effects is an important complement to traditional design-based analyses of intervention effects in randomized control trials. In the present paper, we suggest that meta-analyses within the context of matched-pair designs can provide useful insight into intervention effects. We illustrate the advantages to this analytic strategy by examining the effectiveness of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system on 8th-grade delinquent behavior in a randomized matched-pair trial. We estimate the intervention effect within each of the matched-pair communities, aggregate the effect sizes across matched pairs to derive an overall intervention effect, and test for heterogeneity in the effect of CTC on delinquency across matched pairs of communities. The meta-analysis finds that CTC reduces delinquent behavior and that the effect of CTC on delinquent behavior varies significantly across communities. The use of meta-analysis in randomized matched-pair studies can provide a useful accompaniment to other analytic approaches because it opens the possibility of identifying factors associated with differential effects across units or matched pairs in the context of a randomized control trial.

%B Prev Sci %V 14 %P 1-12 %8 2013 Feb %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1007/s11121-012-0298-x %0 Journal Article %J Dev Psychol %D 2013 %T The association between parent early adult drug use disorder and later observed parenting practices and child behavior problems: Testing alternate models. %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hill, Karl G %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F %A McMahon, Robert J %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Child %K Child Behavior Disorders %K Child Rearing %K Family Relations %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Models, Psychological %K Parent-Child Relations %K Parenting %K Personality %K Psychiatric Status Rating Scales %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

This study tested the association between parent illicit drug use disorder (DUD) in early adulthood and observed parenting practices at ages 27-28 and examined the following 3 theoretically derived models explaining this link: (a) a disrupted parent adult functioning model,(b) a preexisting parent personality factor model, and (c) a disrupted adolescent family process model. Associations between study variables and child externalizing problems also were examined. Longitudinal data linking 2 generations were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) and The SSDP Intergenerational Project (TIP), and included 167 parents and their 2- to 8-year-old child. Path modeling revealed that parent DUD in early adulthood predicted later observed low-skilled parenting, which was related to child externalizing problems. The preexisting parent personality factor model was supported. Parent negative emotionality accounted for the association between parent early adult DUD and later parenting practices. Parent negative emotionality also was related directly to child externalizing behavior. Limited support for the disrupted transition to adulthood model was found. The disrupted adolescent family process model was not supported. Results suggest that problem drug use that occurs early in adulthood may affect later parenting skills, independent of subsequent parent drug use. Findings highlight the importance of parent negative emotionality in influencing his or her own problem behavior, interactions with his or her child, and his or her child's problem behavior. Prevention and treatment programs targeting young adult substance use, poor parenting practices, and child behavior problems should address parent personality factors that may contribute to these behaviors.

%B Dev Psychol %V 49 %P 887-99 %8 2013 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1037/a0029235 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2013 %T Child physical and sexual abuse and cigarette smoking in adolescence and adulthood. %A Kristman-Valente, Allison N %A Brown, Eric C %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Child Abuse, Sexual %K Child, Preschool %K Female %K Humans %K Infant %K Male %K Prevalence %K Risk Factors %K Smoking %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K United States %X

PURPOSE: Analyses used data from an extended longitudinal study to examine the relationship between childhood physical and sexual abuse (CPA and CSA, respectively) and adolescent and adult smoking behavior. Two questions guided the study: (1) Is there an association between childhood abuse and adolescent and adult smoking behavior? (2) Does the relationship between childhood abuse and later cigarette smoking differ for males and females?

METHODS: A censored-inflated path model was used to assess the impact of child abuse on adolescent and adult lifetime smoking prevalence and smoking frequency. Gender differences in significant model paths were assessed using a multiple-group approach.

RESULTS: Results show no significant relation between CPA or CSA and risk of having ever smoked cigarettes in adolescence or adulthood. However, for males, both CPA and CSA had direct effects on adolescent smoking frequency. For females, only CSA predicted increased smoking frequency in adolescence. Adolescent smoking frequency predicted adult smoking frequency more strongly for females compared with males.

CONCLUSIONS: CPA and CSA are risk factors for higher frequency of smoking in adolescence. Higher frequency of cigarette smoking in adolescence increases the risk of higher smoking frequency in adulthood. Results underscore the need for both primary and secondary prevention and intervention efforts to reduce the likelihood of childhood abuse and to lessen risk for cigarette smoking among those who have been abused.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 53 %P 533-8 %8 2013 Oct %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.06.003 %0 Journal Article %J J Fam Violence %D 2013 %T Developmental impacts of child abuse and neglect related to adult mental health, substance use, and physical health %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Hong, Seunghye %A Klika, J B %A Herrenkohl, Roy C %A Russo, M J %X

This study examined the association between officially recorded child abuse and neglect and adult mental health, substance use, and physical health outcomes. Data are from a longitudinal study of more than 30 years in which individuals were interviewed most recently in their mid -30s. Analyses consisted of group comparisons using chi-square tests for categorical variables and independent samples t-tests for continuous measures. Logistic and linear regressions controlled for gender and childhood SES, adult age, marital status, and education. Adults maltreated in childhood reported more symptoms of adult depression, anxiety, and more impairment due to mental and physical health problems. A higher percentage of those with maltreatment histories reported lifetime alcohol problems and appear at greater risk for substance abuse. Most findings of these bivariate analyses remained significant after accounting for gender and childhood socioeconomic status. Somewhat fewer significant results were observed after controlling for adult age, marital status, and education.

%B J Fam Violence %V 28 %8 2013 Feb 1 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s10896-012-9474-9 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Addict %D 2013 %T Differences between men and women in condom use, attitudes, and skills in substance abuse treatment seekers. %A Calsyn, Donald A %A Peavy, Michelle %A Wells, Elizabeth A %A Campbell, Aimee N C %A Hatch-Maillette, Mary A %A Greenfield, Shelly F %A Tross, Susan %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Condoms %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice %K Humans %K Male %K Sex Characteristics %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Unsafe Sex %X

BACKGROUND: For substance abuse treatment-seekers engaging in high risk sexual behavior, their inconsistent condom use may be related to their condom use attitudes and skills.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared treatment-seeking male and female substance abusers in their reported barriers to condom use and condom use skills.

METHODS: Men and women (N = 1,105) enrolled in two multi-site HIV risk reduction studies were administered the Condom Barriers Scale, Condom Use Skills, and an audio computer-assisted structured interview assessing sexual risk behavior.

RESULTS: Men endorsed more barriers to condom use, especially on the Effects on Sexual Experience factor. For both men and women, stronger endorsement of barriers to condom use was associated with less use of condoms. However, the difference between condom users and non-users in endorsement of condom barriers in general is greater for men than women, especially for those who report having casual partners.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the need to focus on gender-specific barriers to condom use in HIV/STI prevention interventions, especially risk behavior intervention techniques that address sexual experience with condoms.

SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Results provide additional information about the treatment and prevention needs of treatment-seeking men and women.

%B Am J Addict %V 22 %P 150-7 %8 2013 Mar-Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.00312.x %0 Journal Article %J Aust J Psychol %D 2013 %T Does school suspension affect subsequent youth nonviolent antisocial behavior? A longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Kotevski, Aneta %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Smith, Rachel %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %X

School suspension has been not only associated with negative behaviours but is predictive of future poor outcomes. The current study investigates a) whether school suspension is a unique predictor of youth nonviolent antisocial behaviour (NVAB) relative to other established predictors, and b) whether the predictors of NVAB are similar in Australia and the United States (U.S.). The data analysed here draws on two state-wide representative samples of Grade 7 and 9 students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, U.S., resurveyed at 12-month follow-up (N = 3,677, 99% retention). School suspension did not uniquely predict NVAB in the final model. The predictors of NVAB, similar across states, included previous student NVAB; current alcohol and tobacco use; poor family management; association with antisocial friends; and low commitment to school. An implication of the findings is that U.S. evidence-based prevention programs targeting the influences investigated here could be trialled in Australia.

%B Aust J Psychol %V 65 %P 236-249 %8 2013 Dec %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1111/ajpy.12026 %0 Journal Article %J Public Health %D 2013 %T Educational inequalities in the co-occurrence of mental health and substance use problems, and its adult socio-economic consequences: a longitudinal study of young adults in a community sample. %A Lee, J O %A Herrenkohl, T I %A Kosterman, R %A Small, C M %A Hawkins, J D %K Adult %K Anxiety Disorders %K Comorbidity %K Depressive Disorder %K Educational Status %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Health Status Disparities %K Humans %K Male %K Prospective Studies %K Social Class %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between the co-occurrence of mental health and substance use problems and socio-economic status (SES).

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study of 808 males and females followed to age 30.

METHODS: Survey data were used to derive latent classes (profiles) of mental health (depression, anxiety) and substance use (alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana [cannabis]) problems at age 27. Analyses examined the associations of these profiles with earlier educational attainment (high school diploma) and indicators of SES at age 30.

RESULTS: Latent Class Analysis produced four profiles: a low disorder symptoms group, a licit substance use disorder symptoms group (alcohol and nicotine), a mental health disorder symptoms group, and a comorbid group. Earning a high school diploma by age 21 decreased the odds of belonging to the comorbid group or the licit substance use disorder symptoms group when compared to the low disorder symptoms group. These disorder profiles also were found to adversely impact subsequent adult SES. The adverse impact was more evident in income maintenance and wealth accumulation by age 30 than market or non-market labour force participation.

CONCLUSIONS: Earning a high school diploma lessens the risk of co-occurring mental health and substance use problems which contribute to economic instability in young adulthood. Findings underscore the importance of public health programmes to reduce the incidence of mental health and substance use problems and their associated high costs to individuals and to society.

%B Public Health %V 127 %P 745-53 %8 2013 Aug %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.04.005 %0 Journal Article %J Dev Psychol %D 2013 %T The effect of general and drug-specific family environments on comorbid and drug-specific problem behavior: A longitudinal examination. %A Epstein, Marina %A Hill, Karl G %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Child %K Child Behavior Disorders %K Comorbidity %K Family Relations %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Self Report %K Social Environment %K Tobacco Use Disorder %K Young Adult %X

Previous research has shown that the development of alcohol and tobacco dependence is linked and that both are influenced by environmental and intrapersonal factors, many of which likely interact over the life course. The present study examines the effects of general and alcohol- and tobacco-specific environmental influences in the family of origin (ages 10-18) and family of cohabitation (ages 27-30) on problem behavior and alcohol- and tobacco-specific outcomes at age 33. General environmental factors include family management, conflict, bonding, and involvement. Alcohol environment includes parental alcohol use, parents' attitudes toward alcohol, and children's involvement in family drinking. Tobacco-specific environment is assessed analogously. Additionally, analyses include the effects of childhood behavioral disinhibition, initial behavior problems, and age 18 substance use. Analyses were based on 469 participants drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) sample. Results indicated that (a) environmental factors within the family of origin and the family of cohabitation are both important predictors of problem behavior at age 33; (b) family of cohabitation influences partially mediate the effects of family of origin environments; (c) considerable continuity exists between adolescent and adult general and tobacco (but not alcohol) environments; age 18 alcohol and tobacco use partially mediates these relationships; and (d) childhood behavioral disinhibition contributed to age 33 outcomes, over and above the effects of family of cohabitation mediators. Implications for preventive interventions are discussed.

%B Dev Psychol %V 49 %P 1151-64 %8 2013 Jun %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1037/a0029309 %0 Journal Article %J J Palliat Med %D 2013 %T Examining palliative care team involvement in automatic consultations for children on extracorporeal life support in the pediatric intensive care unit. %A Doorenbos, Ardith Z %A Starks, Helene %A Bourget, Erica %A McMullan, D Michael %A Lewis-Newby, Mithya %A Rue, Tessa C %A Lindhorst, Taryn %A Aisenberg, Eugene %A Oman, Natalie %A Curtis, J Randall %A Hays, Ross %A Clark, Jonna D %A Baden, Harris P %A Brogan, Thomas V %A Di Gennaro, Jane L %A Mazor, Robert %A Roberts, Joan S %A Turnbull, Jessica %A Wilfond, Benjamin S %K Child %K Child, Preschool %K Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation %K Female %K Humans %K Infant %K Infant, Newborn %K Intensive Care Units, Pediatric %K Male %K Palliative Care %K Patient Care Team %K Prognosis %K Retrospective Studies %X

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is an advanced form of life-sustaining therapy that creates stressful dilemmas for families. In May 2009, Seattle Children's Hospital (SCH) implemented a policy to involve the Pediatric Advanced Care Team (PACT) in all ECLS cases through automatic referral.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to describe PACT involvement in the context of automatic consultations for ECLS patients and their family members.

METHODS: We retrospectively examined chart notes for 59 consecutive cases and used content analysis to identify themes and patterns.

RESULTS: The degree of PACT involvement was related to three domains: prognostic uncertainty, medical complexity, and need for coordination of care with other services. Low PACT involvement was associated with cases with little prognostic uncertainty, little medical complexity, and minimal need for coordination of care. Medium PACT involvement was associated with two categories of cases: 1) those with a degree of medical complexity but little prognostic uncertainty; and 2) those that had a degree of prognostic uncertainty but little medical complexity. High PACT involvement had the greatest medical complexity and prognostic uncertainty, and also had those cases with a high need for coordination of care.

CONCLUSIONS: We describe a framework for understanding the potential involvement of palliative care among patients receiving ECLS that explains how PACT organizes its efforts toward patients and families with the highest degree of need. Future studies should examine whether this approach is associated with improved patient and family outcomes.

%B J Palliat Med %V 16 %P 492-5 %8 2013 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1089/jpm.2012.0536 %0 Journal Article %J Matern Child Health J %D 2013 %T Health disparities among childrearing women with disabilities. %A Kim, Miok %A Kim, Hyun-Jun %A Hong, Seunghye %A Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System %K Child Rearing %K Child, Preschool %K Chronic Disease %K Disabled Persons %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Health Services Accessibility %K Health Status Disparities %K Health Status Indicators %K Health Surveys %K Healthcare Disparities %K Humans %K Middle Aged %K Mothers %K Prevalence %K Quality of Life %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

This study examines leading health indicators for childrearing women with disabilities, including health-related quality of life, chronic health conditions, adverse and preventive health behaviors, health care access, and social and emotional support. The study analyzes aggregated data from the Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 28,629). The weighted prevalence of key health indicators of childrearing women with disabilities (aged 18-59) are compared with childrearing women without disabilities. A series of adjusted logistic regression analyses are applied, controlling for confounding variables. When compared to childrearing women without disabilities, childrearing women with disabilities are less likely to have a partner or spouse, report lower income and education levels and are older. Childrearing women with disabilities, compared to childrearing women without disabilities, report significantly lower health-related quality of life including poor general health (adjusted odds ratio[AOR] = 6.85; p < .001), frequent mental distress (AOR = 4.02; p < .001), and frequent poor physical health (AOR = 9.34; p < .001); higher prevalence of chronic health conditions, including arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure and cholesterol, and obesity (the range of AORs = 1.59 to 5.65; p < .001); higher prevalence of adverse health behaviors including smoking (AOR = 2.14; p < .001) and lack of exercise (AOR = 1.61; p < .001); more financial barriers to health care (AOR = 2.11; p < .001) and lack of social and emotional support (AOR = 2.05; p < .001) while controlling for age, education, income, and relationship status. Based on population level data, the study reveals that childrearing women with disabilities experience elevated risks of health disparities across many key health indicators, many of which are preventable and modifiable. These findings underscore the importance of identifying contributing factors and developing interventions to improve the health and quality of life of childrearing women with disabilities.

%B Matern Child Health J %V 17 %P 1260-8 %8 2013 Sep %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1007/s10995-012-1118-4 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Public Health %D 2013 %T Health disparities among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults: results from a population-based study. %A Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I %A Kim, Hyun-Jun %A Barkan, Susan E %A Muraco, Anna %A Hoy-Ellis, Charles P %K Bisexuality %K Chronic Disease %K Confidence Intervals %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Health Services Accessibility %K Health Status Disparities %K Health Surveys %K Homosexuality, Female %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Mass Screening %K Middle Aged %K Odds Ratio %K Washington %X

OBJECTIVES: We investigated health disparities among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults aged 50 years and older.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2003-2010 Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 96 992) on health outcomes, chronic conditions, access to care, behaviors, and screening by gender and sexual orientation with adjusted logistic regressions.

RESULTS: LGB older adults had higher risk of disability, poor mental health, smoking, and excessive drinking than did heterosexuals. Lesbians and bisexual women had higher risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity, and gay and bisexual men had higher risk of poor physical health and living alone than did heterosexuals. Lesbians reported a higher rate of excessive drinking than did bisexual women; bisexual men reported a higher rate of diabetes and a lower rate of being tested for HIV than did gay men. Conclusions. Tailored interventions are needed to address the health disparities and unique health needs of LGB older adults. Research across the life course is needed to better understand health disparities by sexual orientation and age, and to assess subgroup differences within these communities.

%B Am J Public Health %V 103 %P 1802-9 %8 2013 Oct %G eng %N 10 %R 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301110 %0 Journal Article %J J Behav Health Serv Res %D 2013 %T Health risks, race, and adolescents' use of school-based health centers: policy and service recommendations. %A Anyon, Yolanda %A Moore, Megan %A Horevitz, Elizabeth %A Whitaker, Kelly %A Stone, Susan %A Shields, John P %K Adolescent %K Asthma %K Depressive Disorder %K Ethnic Groups %K Female %K Health Policy %K Health Services Accessibility %K Health Services Needs and Demand %K Health Status Indicators %K Humans %K Male %K Mental Health Services %K Risk-Taking %K School Health Services %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Suicidal Ideation %K United States %B J Behav Health Serv Res %V 40 %P 457-68 %8 2013 Oct %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s11414-013-9356-9 %0 Journal Article %J Contemp Clin Trials %D 2013 %T Healthy Homes/Healthy Kids: a randomized trial of a pediatric primary care-based obesity prevention intervention for at-risk 5-10 year olds. %A Sherwood, Nancy E %A Levy, Rona L %A Langer, Shelby L %A Senso, Meghan M %A Crain, A Lauren %A Hayes, Marcia G %A Anderson, Julie D %A Seburg, Elisabeth M %A Jeffery, Robert W %K Accelerometry %K Body Mass Index %K Child %K Child, Preschool %K Cost-Benefit Analysis %K Counseling %K Diet %K Exercise %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Overweight %K Parent-Child Relations %K Parents %K Pediatric Obesity %K Primary Health Care %K Risk Factors %K Safety %K Sedentary Lifestyle %K Socioeconomic Factors %X

Pediatric primary care is an important setting in which to address obesity prevention, yet relatively few interventions have been evaluated and even fewer have been shown to be effective. The development and evaluation of cost-effective approaches to obesity prevention that leverage opportunities of direct access to families in the pediatric primary care setting, overcome barriers to implementation in busy practice settings, and facilitate sustained involvement of parents is an important public health priority. The goal of the Healthy Homes/Healthy Kids (HHHK 5-10) randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the efficacy of a relatively low-cost primary care-based obesity prevention intervention aimed at 5 to 10 year old children who are at risk for obesity. Four hundred twenty one parent/child dyads were recruited and randomized to either the obesity prevention arm or a Contact Control condition that focuses on safety and injury prevention. The HHHK 5-10 obesity prevention intervention combines brief counseling with a pediatric primary care provider during routine well child visits and follow-up telephone coaching that supports parents in making home environmental changes to support healthful eating, activity patterns, and body weight. The Contact Control condition combines the same provider counseling with telephone coaching focused on safety and injury prevention messages. This manuscript describes the study design and baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in the HHHK 5-10 trial.

%B Contemp Clin Trials %V 36 %P 228-43 %8 2013 Sep %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1016/j.cct.2013.06.017 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Community Psychol %D 2013 %T How has the economic downturn affected communities and implementation of science-based prevention in the randomized trial of Communities That Care? %A Kuklinski, Margaret R %A Hawkins, J D %A Plotnick, Robert D %A Abbott, Robert D %A Reid, Carolina K %K Community Networks %K Economic Recession %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Male %K Reproducibility of Results %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K United States %X

This study examined implications of the economic downturn that began in December 2007 for the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system. The downturn had the potential to affect the internal validity of the CYDS research design and implementation of science-based prevention in study communities. We used archival economic indicators and community key leader reports of economic conditions to assess the extent of the economic downturn in CYDS communities and potential internal validity threats. We also examined whether stronger economic downturn effects were associated with a decline in science-based prevention implementation. Economic indicators suggested the downturn affected CYDS communities to different degrees. We found no evidence of systematic differences in downturn effects in CTC compared to control communities that would threaten internal validity of the randomized trial. The Community Economic Problems scale was a reliable measure of community economic conditions, and it showed criterion validity in relation to several objective economic indicators. CTC coalitions continued to implement science-based prevention to a significantly greater degree than control coalitions 2 years after the downturn began. However, CTC implementation levels declined to some extent as unemployment, the percentage of students qualifying for free lunch, and community economic problems worsened. Control coalition implementation levels were not related to economic conditions before or after the downturn, but mean implementation levels of science-based prevention were also relatively low in both periods.

%B Am J Community Psychol %V 51 %P 370-84 %8 2013 Jun %G eng %N 3-4 %R 10.1007/s10464-012-9557-z %0 Journal Article %J J Consult Clin Psychol %D 2013 %T The immigrant paradox among Asian American women: are disparities in the burden of depression and anxiety paradoxical or explicable? %A Lau, Anna S %A Tsai, William %A Shih, Josephine %A Liu, Lisa L %A Hwang, Wei-Chin %A Takeuchi, David T %K Age Factors %K Anxiety Disorders %K Asian Americans %K Cost of Illness %K Depressive Disorder %K Emigrants and Immigrants %K Female %K Health Status Disparities %K Humans %K Middle Aged %K Risk Factors %K Social Class %K Stress, Psychological %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated potential explanations for advantaged mental health status among immigrant Asian American women compared to U.S.-born Asian American women.

METHOD: In a nationally representative sample of 1,030 women (185 U.S.-born, 368 early-life immigrants [arrived before 25 years of age], 477 late-life immigrants), we examined the hypothesis that increased exposure to social risk factors mediate nativity-based differences in lifetime prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders. Indicators of social class were also examined as protective factors enjoyed by U.S.-born women that may suppress observed nativity-based disparities. We also examined whether there were group differences in reactivity to stress in predicting disorder.

RESULTS: U.S.-born women were twice as likely as late-life immigrants to report lifetime history of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.03, 95% CI [1.35, 4.54]) and anxiety (OR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.34, 5.19]). Nativity differences in perceived discrimination, family conflict, and cultural conflict explained disparities in rates of disorder. There was no support for the contention that immigrant women were more psychologically hardy or resilient to social stress.

CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that the gap in mental health status between U.S.- and foreign-born Asian American women would indeed be magnified if differences in social status were accounted for, but also that ready explanations for the so-called immigrant paradox are found in differential levels of reported stress exposure.

%B J Consult Clin Psychol %V 81 %P 901-11 %8 2013 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1037/a0032105 %0 Journal Article %J Health Educ Res %D 2013 %T The impact of school alcohol policy on student drinking. %A Evans-Whipp, Tracy J %A Plenty, Stephanie M %A Catalano, Richard F %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Toumbourou, John W %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Alcohol Drinking %K Binge Drinking %K Cross-Cultural Comparison %K Female %K Guideline Adherence %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Organizational Policy %K Risk Reduction Behavior %K Schools %K Self Report %K Social Class %K Students %K Victoria %K Washington %X

Although it is common for secondary schools to implement alcohol policies to reduce alcohol misuse, there has been little evaluation of the efficacy of these policies. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of the degree and type of alcohol policy enforcement in state representative samples of secondary students in Washington State, USA, and Victoria, Australia (n = 1848). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the prospective association between student reports of school alcohol policy in Grade 8 and self-reported alcohol use in Grade 9, controlling for age, gender, state, family socio-economic status and Grade 8 alcohol use. The likelihood of students drinking on school grounds was increased when students perceived lax policy enforcement. Student perceptions of harm minimization alcohol messages, abstinence alcohol messages and counselling for alcohol policy violators predicted reduced likelihood of binge drinking. Students perceiving harm minimization messages and counselling for alcohol policy violators had a reduced likelihood of experiencing alcohol-related harms. Perceptions of harsh penalties were unrelated to drinking behaviour. These results suggest that perceived policy enforcement may lessen drinking at school 1 year later and that harm minimization messages and counselling approaches may also lessen harmful drinking behaviours as harm minimization advocates suggest.

%B Health Educ Res %V 28 %P 651-62 %8 2013 Aug %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1093/her/cyt068 %0 Journal Article %J Field methods %D 2013 %T Implementing Self-collection of Biological Specimens With a Diverse Sample. %A Fernandes, April %A Skinner, Martie L %A Woelfel, Tiffany %A Carpenter, Thomas %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

Collecting saliva is the most noninvasive way to detect changing levels of cortisol (Adam & Kumari, 2009; Soo-Quee Koh & Choon-Huat Koh, 2007), a stress hormone of interest to behavioral and health scientists, where there are benefits from multiple samples taken over a period of days. Various self-collection strategies have been employed, ranging from treated cards to cotton swabs and passive drool methods. The current study investigates the effectiveness of a variety of reminder techniques in encouraging adherence with procedures requiring 4 samples per day on 3 separate days of passive drool collection among African American and European American young adults. The findings suggest that direct texts were associated with the greatest level of adherence, while phone reminders were most effective when controlling for total number of contacts. Results indicate that both traditional and novel reminder methods can positively influence adherence, even with challenging populations.

%B Field methods %V 25 %8 2013 Feb 1 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1177/1525822X12453526 %0 Journal Article %J Arch Sex Behav %D 2013 %T Influences of situational factors and alcohol expectancies on sexual desire and arousal among heavy-episodic drinking women: acute alcohol intoxication and condom availability. %A Gilmore, Amanda K %A George, William H %A Nguyen, Hong V %A Heiman, Julia R %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Norris, Jeanette %K Adult %K Alcoholic Intoxication %K Arousal %K Binge Drinking %K Condoms %K Decision Making %K Ethanol %K Female %K Humans %K Libido %K Sexual Behavior %K Social Environment %K Unsafe Sex %X

Although studies suggest that alcohol increases women's sexual desire, no studies to our knowledge have examined the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on women's sexual desire. The majority of research examining alcohol's effects on sexual arousal in women suggests that alcohol increases self-reported arousal. In an alcohol administration study in which women projected themselves into an eroticized scenario depicting a consensual sexual encounter with a new male partner, we examined the effects of alcohol and condom condition on women's sexual desire and arousal. The moderating effects of sex-related alcohol expectancies were also examined. Results revealed that alcohol intoxication was related to less desire to engage in sex with a new partner and condom presence was related to more desire. Alcohol interacted with sexual disinhibition alcohol expectancies, indicating that more expectancy endorsement was associated with greater sexual desire and self-reported arousal in the alcohol condition, but not the control condition. Condom condition had no effect on self-reported sexual arousal. The present research suggests that sexual desire merits research attention in non-clinical samples, and experimental methodology can provide valuable information about alcohol's influence on women's sexual desire, thus advancing our understanding of this relationship beyond cross-sectional correlations. The current findings also provide evidence that sex-related alcohol expectancies may play an important role in alcohol-involved sexual experiences including desire and arousal.

%B Arch Sex Behav %V 42 %P 949-59 %8 2013 Aug %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10508-013-0109-x %0 Journal Article %J Pediatrics %D 2013 %T Modifying media content for preschool children: a randomized controlled trial. %A Christakis, Dimitri A %A Garrison, Michelle M %A Herrenkohl, Todd %A Haggerty, Kevin %A Rivara, Frederick P %A Zhou, Chuan %A Liekweg, Kimberly %K Aggression %K Child Behavior %K Child, Preschool %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Humans %K Male %K Mass Media %K Prospective Studies %K Social Behavior %K Television %X

BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have revealed that preschool-aged children imitate both aggression and prosocial behaviors on screen, there have been few population-based studies designed to reduce aggression in preschool-aged children by modifying what they watch.

METHODS: We devised a media diet intervention wherein parents were assisted in substituting high quality prosocial and educational programming for aggression-laden programming without trying to reduce total screen time. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 565 parents of preschool-aged children ages 3 to 5 years recruited from community pediatric practices. Outcomes were derived from the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation at 6 and 12 months.

RESULTS: At 6 months, the overall mean Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation score was 2.11 points better (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-3.44) in the intervention group as compared with the controls, and similar effects were observed for the externalizing subscale (0.68 [95% CI: 0.06-1.30]) and the social competence subscale (1.04 [95% CI: 0.34-1.74]). The effect for the internalizing subscale was in a positive direction but was not statistically significant (0.42 [95% CI: -0.14 to 0.99]). Although the effect sizes did not noticeably decay at 12 months, the effect on the externalizing subscale was no longer statistically significant (P = .05). In a stratified analysis of the effect on the overall scores, low-income boys appeared to derive the greatest benefit (6.48 [95% CI: 1.60-11.37]).

CONCLUSIONS: An intervention to reduce exposure to screen violence and increase exposure to prosocial programming can positively impact child behavior.

%B Pediatrics %V 131 %P 431-8 %8 2013 Mar %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1542/peds.2012-1493 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc %D 2013 %T Multidimensional characterization of sexual minority adolescents' sexual safety strategies. %A Masters, N Tatiana %A Beadnell, Blair %A Morrison, Diane M %A Hoppe, Marilyn J %A Wells, Elizabeth A %K Adolescent %K Bisexuality %K Female %K Homosexuality, Female %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Male %K Minority Groups %K Safe Sex %K Sexual Behavior %K Sexually Transmitted Diseases %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Transgender Persons %X

Young adults have high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Sexual minority youths' risk for STIs, including HIV, is as high as or higher than sexual majority peers'. Sexual safety, while often treated as a single behavior such as condom use, can be best conceptualized as the result of multiple factors. We used latent class analysis to identify profiles based on ever-used sexual safety strategies and lifetime number of partners among 425 self-identified LGBTQ youth aged 14-19. Data collection took place anonymously online. We identified four specific subgroup profiles for males and three for females, with each subgroup representing a different level and type of sexual safety. Profiles differed from each other in terms of age and outness for males, and in outness, personal homonegativity, and amount of education received about sexual/romantic relationships for females. Youths' sexual safety profiles have practice implications for sexuality educators, health care professionals, and parents.

%B J Adolesc %V 36 %P 953-61 %8 2013 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.07.008 %0 Journal Article %J J Gerontol Soc Work %D 2013 %T Nonpharmacological pain management by ethnically diverse older adults with chronic pain: barriers and facilitators. %A Park, Juyoung %A Hirz, Christina E %A Manotas, Karen %A Hooyman, Nancy %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Chronic Pain %K Communication %K Ethnic Groups %K Female %K Health Services Accessibility %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Pain Management %K Social Support %K Social Work %K Transportation %X

As key players in multidisciplinary health care systems, geriatric social workers must understand the dynamics of pain management among older adults with chronic pain. This study identified perceived barriers to, and facilitators for, utilizing nonpharmacological pain management through face-to-face interviews with 44 ethnically diverse community-dwelling older adults. Constant comparative analysis identified barriers not recognized in prior studies: (a) embarrassment/self-consciousness, (b) unavailability of certain treatments, and (c) lack of faith in effectiveness of nonpharmacological treatments. Most frequently reported facilitators were (a) social support, (b) positive attitude, and (c) available resources. Social workers can provide counseling to motivate older adults to exercise to manage chronic pain and refer them to exercise programs tailored for older adults. To resolve the most frequently reported barrier-transportation-social workers can link older adults with transportation services offered by senior centers or other nonprofit agencies.

%B J Gerontol Soc Work %V 56 %P 487-508 %8 2013 %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1080/01634372.2013.808725 %0 Journal Article %J Violence Vict %D 2013 %T Parent and peer predictors of violent behavior of Black and White teens. %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Skinner, Martie L %A McGlynn-Wright, Anne %A Catalano, Richard F %A Crutchfield, Robert D %K Adolescent %K African Continental Ancestry Group %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Factor Analysis, Statistical %K Female %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Models, Psychological %K Parenting %K Peer Group %K Poverty %K Prospective Studies %K Risk Factors %K Violence %K Washington %X

This study examines the role that parenting and deviant peers play on frequency of self-reported violent behavior in the 10th grade while testing race differences in mean levels and impact of these risk and protective factors. The level and impact of family and peer factors on violent behavior across race are modeled prospectively from 8th to 10th grade in a sample of 331 (Black [n = 163], White [n = 168]) families from Seattle, Washington, using data from self-administered computer-assisted questionnaires. Mean-level differences indicated greater levels of violent behavior and risk for Black teens in some cases and higher protection in others. Multiple-group structural equation modeling indicated no race differences in predictors of teen violence. Income was also predictive of violent behavior, but analyses including both income and race indicated their relationships to violence overlapped so neither was uniquely predictive. Subsequent logistic regressions revealed that both race and income differences in violent behavior were mediated by association with friends who get in serious trouble at school. We conclude that higher rates of self-reported violent behavior by Blacks compared to Whites are attributable to lower family income and higher rates of associating with deviant peers at school.

%B Violence Vict %V 28 %P 145-60 %8 2013 %G eng %N 1 %0 Journal Article %J Trauma Violence Abuse %D 2013 %T Person-environment interactions and the shaping of resilience. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %K Adult %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Humans %K Psychological Techniques %K Resilience, Psychological %K Social Environment %K Social Support %B Trauma Violence Abuse %V 14 %P 191-4 %8 2013 Jul %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/1524838013491035 %0 Journal Article %J Gerontologist %D 2013 %T The physical and mental health of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) older adults: the role of key health indicators and risk and protective factors. %A Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I %A Emlet, Charles A %A Kim, Hyun-Jun %A Muraco, Anna %A Erosheva, Elena A %A Goldsen, Jayn %A Hoy-Ellis, Charles P %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Bisexuality %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Depression %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Health Services Accessibility %K Health Status %K Health Status Indicators %K Homosexuality, Female %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Mental Health %K Middle Aged %K Minority Health %K Quality of Life %K Resilience, Psychological %K Risk Factors %K Social Stigma %K Social Support %K Socioeconomic Factors %X

PURPOSE: Based on resilience theory, this paper investigates the influence of key health indicators and risk and protective factors on health outcomes (including general health, disability, and depression) among lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) older adults.

DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with LGB older adults, aged 50 and older (N = 2,439). Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the contributions of key health indicators (access to health care and health behaviors), risk factors (lifetime victimization, internalized stigma, and sexual identity concealment), and protective factors (social support and social network size) to health outcomes, when controlling for background characteristics.

RESULTS: The findings revealed that lifetime victimization, financial barriers to health care, obesity, and limited physical activity independently and significantly accounted for poor general health, disability, and depression among LGB older adults. Internalized stigma was also a significant predictor of disability and depression. Social support and social network size served as protective factors, decreasing the odds of poor general health, disability, and depression. Some distinct differences by gender and sexual orientation were also observed.

IMPLICATIONS: High levels of poor general health, disability, and depression among LGB older adults are of major concern. These findings highlight the important role of key risk and protective factors, which significantly influences health outcomes among LGB older adults. Tailored interventions must be developed to address the distinct health issues facing this historically disadvantaged population.

%B Gerontologist %V 53 %P 664-75 %8 2013 Aug %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1093/geront/gns123 %0 Journal Article %J Addiction %D 2013 %T Predicting steep escalations in alcohol use over the teenage years: Age-related variations in key social influences. %A Chan, G C K %A Kelly, Adrian B %A Toumbourou, John W %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Young, R M %A Haynes, Michele A %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Attitude %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Nuclear Family %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Schools %K Self Report %K Social Environment %K Students %K Victoria %X

AIMS: This study examined how family, peer and school factors are related to different trajectories of adolescent alcohol use at key developmental periods.

DESIGN: Latent class growth analysis was used to identify trajectories based on five waves of data (from grade 6, age 12 to grade 11, age 17), with predictors at grades 5, 7 and 9 included as covariates.

SETTING: Adolescents completed surveys during school hours.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 808 students in Victoria, Australia.

MEASUREMENTS: Alcohol use trajectories were based on self-reports of 30-day frequency of alcohol use. Predictors included sibling alcohol use, attachment to parents, parental supervision, parental attitudes favourable to adolescent alcohol use, peer alcohol use and school commitment.

FINDINGS: A total of 8.2% showed steep escalation in alcohol use. Relative to non-users, steep escalators were predicted by age-specific effects for low school commitment at grade 7 (P = 0.031) and parental attitudes at grade 5 (P = 0.003), and age-generalized effects for sibling alcohol use (Ps = 0.001, 0.012, 0.033 at grades 5, 7 and 9, respectively) and peer alcohol use (Ps = 0.041, < 0.001, < 0.001 at grades 5, 7 and 9, respectively). Poor parental supervision was associated with steep escalators at grade 9 (P < 0.001) but not the other grades. Attachment to parents was unrelated to alcohol trajectories.

CONCLUSIONS: Parental disapproval of alcohol use before transition to high school, low school commitment at transition to high school, and sibling and peer alcohol use during adolescence are associated with a higher risk of steep escalations in alcohol use.

%B Addiction %V 108 %P 1924-32 %8 2013 Nov %G eng %N 11 %R 10.1111/add.12295 %0 Journal Article %J J Gerontol Soc Work %D 2013 %T Preparing social workers with person-centered and participant-directed services for the changing aging and disability network. %A Hooyman, Nancy R %A Mahoney, Kevin %A Sciegaj, Mark %K Aged %K Aging %K Health Services for the Aged %K Humans %K Needs Assessment %K Patient-Centered Care %K Problem-Based Learning %K Professional Competence %K Social Support %K Social Work %B J Gerontol Soc Work %V 56 %P 573-9 %8 2013 %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1080/01634372.2013.837296 %0 Journal Article %J J Child Serv %D 2013 %T Promising Parenting Programs for Reducing Adolescent Problem Behaviors. %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A McGlynn-Wright, Anne %A Klima, Tali %X

PURPOSE: Adolescent problem behaviors (substance use, delinquency, school dropout, pregnancy, and violence) are costly not only for individuals, but for entire communities. Policymakers and practitioners that are interested in preventing these problem behaviors are faced with many programming options. In this review, we discuss two criteria for selecting relevant parenting programs, and provide five examples of such programs.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The first criterion for program selection is theory based. Well-supported theories, such as the social development model, have laid out key family-based risk and protective factors for problem behavior. Programs that target these risk and protective factors are more likely to be effective. Second, programs should have demonstrated efficacy; these interventions have been called "evidence-based programs" (EBP). This review highlights the importance of evidence from rigorous research designs, such as randomized clinical trials, in order to establish program efficacy.

FINDINGS: Nurse-Family Partnership, The Incredible Years, Positive Parenting Program, Strengthening Families 10-14, and Staying Connected with Your Teen are examined. The unique features of each program are briefly presented. Evidence showing impact on family risk and protective factors, as well as long-term problem behaviors, is reviewed. Finally, a measure of cost effectiveness of each program is provided.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE: We propose that not all programs are of equal value, and suggest two simple criteria for selecting a parenting program with a high likelihood for positive outcomes. Furthermore, although this review is not exhaustive, the five examples of EBPs offer a good start for policymakers and practitioners seeking to implement effective programs in their communities. Thus, this paper offers practical suggestions for those grappling with investments in child and adolescent programs on the ground.

%B J Child Serv %V 8 %8 2013 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1108/JCS-04-2013-0016 %0 Journal Article %J Trauma Violence Abuse %D 2013 %T A review of developmental research on resilience in maltreated children. %A Klika, J B %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Behavioral Research %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Child Behavior %K Child Development %K Humans %K Life Change Events %K Longitudinal Studies %K Resilience, Psychological %K Social Adjustment %K Time %X

Research demonstrates that child maltreatment can negatively impact the psychosocial functioning of individuals well beyond the point at which the trauma occurs. Fortunately, there is evidence that many children who are maltreated succeed in overcoming some of the possible consequences that can follow exposure to this particular form of adversity. Those who do are thought to be resilient. What it means to be resilient is an issue that researchers sometimes disagree on, as is reflected by the different definitions they apply to the term and the methods they use to study the phenomenon. In this literature review, we synthesize current findings on resilience and identify areas of congruence, as well as inconsistency in research methods across the reviewed studies. We focus the review exclusively on longitudinal studies to understand the dynamic qualities of resilience. Findings of the review suggest that, while studies appear to conceptualize and measure common domains of resilience (e.g., social, emotional, behavioral functioning), the measures themselves are in some cases notably different, limiting the extent to which results can be systemically compared across studies. The review also shows that few studies, although longitudinal by design, examine resilience over extended periods of development. Consequently, little has actually been learned about how patterns of resilience unfold and are sustained. Of those studies that do examine resilience as a developmental process, the rate of stability in resilience across time is notably low. Implications for future research are discussed.

%B Trauma Violence Abuse %V 14 %P 222-34 %8 2013 Jul %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/1524838013487808 %0 Journal Article %J J Interpers Violence %D 2013 %T School factors as moderators of the relationship between physical child abuse and pathways of antisocial behavior. %A Klika, J B %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Lee, J O %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Antisocial Personality Disorder %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Child, Preschool %K Educational Status %K Female %K Humans %K Infant %K Intelligence %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Risk Factors %K Schools %K Student Dropouts %X

Physical child abuse is a predictor of antisocial behavior in adolescence and adulthood. Few studies have investigated factors that moderate the risk of physical child abuse for later occurring outcomes, including antisocial behavior. This analysis uses data from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study to investigate the prediction of antisocial behavior from physical child abuse and the buffering role of 3 school-related factors (i.e., school commitment, school dropout, and IQ), which are hypothesized to change the course of antisocial behavior from childhood into the adult years. Results show an association between physical child abuse and early antisocial behavior. Early antisocial behavior predicts antisocial behavior in adolescence, and that, in turn, predicts antisocial behavior in adulthood. Child IQ moderated the relationship between child physical abuse and antisocial behavior in childhood. However, no other moderation effects were observed. Limitations and implications for future research and prevention are discussed.

%B J Interpers Violence %V 28 %P 852-67 %8 2013 Mar %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1177/0886260512455865 %0 Journal Article %J Soc Work Public Health %D 2013 %T Science-based prevention through Communities That Care: A model of social work practice for public health. %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Shapiro, Valerie B %K Alcoholism %K Community Medicine %K Continuity of Patient Care %K Evidence-Based Practice %K Guidelines as Topic %K Humans %K Models, Organizational %K Public Health Practice %K Risk Factors %K Social Work %K Substance-Related Disorders %X

This article describes a public health orientation to drug and alcohol abuse prevention; reviews the state of the science underlying a risk and protective factor approach to alcohol and drug abuse prevention; describes Communities That Care, a community practice model that makes use of this evidence; and considers how this model reflects four important principles of social work practice. The intent of this article is to provide guidance to social workers who support the National Association of Social Work's intention to make prevention practice central to the provision of alcohol and drug abuse services by social workers.

%B Soc Work Public Health %V 28 %P 349-65 %8 2013 %G eng %N 3-4 %R 10.1080/19371918.2013.774812 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Public Health %D 2013 %T Sustained effects of the Communities That Care system on prevention service system transformation. %A Rhew, Isaac C %A Brown, Eric C %A Hawkins, J D %A Briney, John S %K Adolescent %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Residence Characteristics %K Social Welfare %K Social Work %K Substance-Related Disorders %K United States %X

OBJECTIVES: We examined whether the Communities That Care (CTC) system sustained effects 1.5 years after study funding ended on prevention system constructs expected to be important for community-level reductions in drug use and antisocial behaviors among youths.

METHODS: Data were from a community trial of 24 towns in the United States randomized to either the CTC intervention or control conditions. Participants were 928 community key leaders interviewed at 1 to 4 waves from 2001 to 2009. Intervention activities, including training and technical assistance, were conducted between 2003 and 2008 in the CTC communities.

RESULTS: Leaders from CTC communities reported higher levels of adoption of a science-based approach to prevention and a higher percentage of funding desired for prevention activities in 2009 than did leaders in control communities. CTC communities showed a higher increase over time in community norms against adolescent drug use as well as adoption of a science-based approach compared with control communities.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that CTC implementation produced enduring transformation of important prevention system constructs in intervention communities, which might, in turn, produce long-term reductions in youth problem behaviors.

%B Am J Public Health %V 103 %P 529-35 %8 2013 Mar %G eng %N 3 %R 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300567 %0 Journal Article %J Vict Offender %D 2013 %T The sustained impact of adolescent violence histories on early adulthood outcomes. %A Logan-Greene, Patricia %A Nurius, Paula S %A Hooven, Carole %A Thompson, Elaine A %X

A history of victimization and violence perpetration are well-established risk factors that hamper positive development in early adulthood, yet their separate and overlapping effects are rarely examined simultaneously, confounding understanding of their relative impacts. This study follows a diverse sample of at-risk adolescents (N=570) into early adulthood, comparing roles and resources, stress and distress, and maladaptive behaviors for those with a history of no violence, victimization only, perpetration only, and both perpetration and victimization. Results demonstrate four distinctive profiles, although all violence-exposed youth report more problems in the three assessed domains relative to those with no violence histories. Implications for intervention are discussed.

%B Vict Offender %V 8 %P 231-252 %8 2013 Apr 1 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1080/15564886.2012.755139 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2013 %T Tests of the mitigating effects of caring and supportive relationships in the study of abusive disciplining over two generations. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Klika, J B %A Brown, Eric C %A Herrenkohl, Roy C %A Leeb, Rebecca T %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Adult Survivors of Child Abuse %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Child, Preschool %K Empathy %K Family Relations %K Female %K Humans %K Infant %K Intergenerational Relations %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Regression Analysis %K Sex Factors %K Sexual Partners %K Social Class %K Social Support %X

PURPOSE: To examine evidence of the continuity in abusive discipline across two generations (G1 and G2) and the role of safe, stable, and nurturing relationships (SSNRs) as protective factors.

METHODS: Data are from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study, a prospective investigation of the causes and consequences child maltreatment that began in the 1970s with a sample of 457 children and their parents. Data were most recently collected in 2008-2010 from 80% of the original child sample (N = 357) when they were adults age 36 years on average. Of those assessed as adults, 268 participants (G2s) were parenting children and thus comprise the analysis sample. Analyses examined the association between harsh physical discipline practices by G1 parents and G2's reports of similarly severe discipline practices used in parenting their own children. Analyses also investigated the direct and interactive (protective) effects of SSNR variables that pertain to the care, warmth, and support children received from their mothers, fathers, and siblings over their lifetimes. A measure of an adult partner's warmth and support was also included. A case-level examination of G2 harsh discipliners was included to investigate other forms of past and more recent forms of abuse exposure.

RESULTS: Results show a significant predictive association between physical discipline by G1 and G2 parents (β = .30; p < .05; odds ratio, 1.14; confidence interval, 1.04-1.26), after accounting for childhood socioeconomic status and gender. Whereas being harshly disciplined as a child was inversely related to reports of having had a caring relationship with one's mother (r = -.25; p < .01), only care and support from one's father predicted a lower risk of harsh physical discipline by G2s (β = -.24; p < .05; odds ratio, .74; confidence interval, .59-.92). None of the SSNR variables moderated the effect of G1 discipline on G2 discipline. A case-level examination of the abusive histories of G2 harsh discipliners found they had in some instances been exposed to physical and emotional abuse by multiple caregivers and by adult partners.

CONCLUSIONS: There is continuity in physical disciplining over two generations. SSNRs measured in this study did not mediate or moderate the effect of G1 on G2 harsh physical discipline, although care and support from fathers was inversely related to the likelihood of G2 harsh physical discipline. This relationship is independent of abuse in childhood. Research is needed to identify factors that interrupt the intergenerational continuity of harsh physical (abusive) disciplining so that promising interventions can be developed and implemented.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 53 %P S18-24 %8 2013 Oct %G eng %N 4 Suppl %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.04.009 %0 Journal Article %J European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. Special Issue on: Compassionate Criminology: The Legacy of Josine Junger-Tas %D 2013 %T Transforming prevention systems in the United States and the Netherlands using Communities That Care %A Steketee, Majone %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Jonkman, Harrie %A Hawkins, J D %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Aussems, Claire %X

Josine Junger-Tas introduced the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system to the Netherlands as a promising approach to address the growing youth violence and delinquency. Using data from a randomized trial of CTC in the United States and a quasi-experimental study of CTC in the Netherlands, this article describes the results of a comparison of the implementation of CTC in 12 U.S. communities and 5 Dutch neighborhoods. CTC communities in both countries achieved higher stages of a science-based approach to prevention than control communities, but full implementation of CTC in the Netherlands was hampered by the very small list of prevention programs tested and found effective in the Dutch context.

%B European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. Special Issue on: Compassionate Criminology: The Legacy of Josine Junger-Tas %V 19 %P 99-116 %8 2013 Jun 1 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s10610-012-9194-y %0 Journal Article %J Field methods %D 2013 %T Use of Web and Phone Survey Modes to Gather Data From Adults About Their Young Adult Children: An Evaluation Based on a Randomized Design. %A Fleming, Charles B %A Marchesini, Gina %A Elgin, Jenna %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Woodward, Danielle %A Abbott, Robert D %A Catalano, Richard F %X

Mode effects on responses to survey items may introduce bias to data collected using multiple modes of administration. The present study examines data from 704 surveys conducted as part of a longitudinal study in which parents and their children had been surveyed at multiple prior time points. Parents of 22-year-old study participants were randomly assigned to one of two mixed-mode conditions: (a) Web mode first followed by the offer of an interviewer-administered telephone mode; or (b) telephone mode first followed by the offer of the Web mode. Comparison of responses by assigned condition on 12 measures showed one statistically significant difference. Analyses that modeled differences by completed mode and the interaction between assigned condition and completed mode found significant differences on six measures related to completed mode. None of the differences indicated that more socially desirable responses were given in interviewer-administered surveys.

%B Field methods %V 25 %P 388-404 %8 2013 Nov 1 %G ENG %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24733977?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1177/1525822X12466888 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Public Health %D 2013 %T Using genetically informed, randomized prevention trials to test etiological hypotheses about child and adolescent drug use and psychopathology. %A Brody, Gene H %A Beach, Steven R H %A Hill, Karl G %A Howe, George W %A Prado, Guillermo %A Fullerton, Stephanie M %K Adolescent %K Child %K Gene-Environment Interaction %K Genetics, Behavioral %K Humans %K Molecular Biology %K Psychopathology %K Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic %K Research Design %K Risk Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %X

In this essay, we describe a new era of public health research in which prevention science principles are combined with genomic science to produce gene × intervention (G × I) research. We note the roles of behavioral and molecular genetics in risk and protective mechanisms for drug use and psychopathology among children and adolescents, and the results of first-generation genetically informed prevention trials are reviewed. We also consider the need for second-generation research that focuses on G × I effects on mediators or intermediate processes. This research can be used to further understanding of etiological processes, to identify individual differences in children's and adolescents' responses to risk, and to increase the precision of prevention programs. We note the caveats about using genetic data to select intervention participants.

%B Am J Public Health %V 103 Suppl 1 %P S19-24 %8 2013 Oct %G eng %R 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301080 %0 Journal Article %J J Soc Social Work Res %D 2013 %T Variation in the effect of Communities That Care on community adoption of a scientific approach to prevention %A Shapiro, Valerie B %A Hawkins, J D %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Monahan, Kathryn C %A Brown, Eric C %A Arthur, Michael W %X

Tested and effective approaches are available to prevent mental, emotional, and behavioral problems in youth, but such approaches are underused. Communities That Care (CTC) is a coalition-based strategy that aims to increase the use of tested and effective programs by combining the use of scientific evidence and stakeholder consensus to support the community adoption of a scientific approach to preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral problems in youth. A community-randomized trial of CTC was conducted with a sample of 24 communities matched in pairs and assigned randomly to a control or an intervention condition. The findings demonstrate that CTC significantly increases the community-wide adoption of a science-based approach to prevention. Using a meta-analysis technique, this study shows that despite uniformly high-fidelity implementation of CTC in intervention communities, the effect of CTC on the adoption of a scientific approach to prevention varies significantly across the 12 community pairs. Understanding the extent of variation in the effect of CTC on adopting a science-based approach to prevention lays a foundation for identifying aspects of coalition structure, functioning, or capacity that not only may help explain variation in adoption, but may in turn be targeted to strengthen the effect of CTC on the adoption of a science-based approach to prevention within communities.

%B J Soc Social Work Res %V 4 %8 2013 Aug 20 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.5243/jsswr.2013.10 %0 Journal Article %J Women Health %D 2013 %T Views and experiences of suicidal ideation during pregnancy and the postpartum: findings from interviews with maternal care clinic patients. %A Tabb, Karen M %A Gavin, Amelia R %A Guo, Yuqing %A Huang, Hsiang %A Debiec, Kate %A Katon, Wayne %K Adult %K Depression %K Depression, Postpartum %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Maternal Health Services %K Mothers %K Postpartum Period %K Pregnancy %K Pregnancy Complications %K Risk Factors %K Stress, Psychological %K Suicidal Ideation %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Young Adult %X

INTRODUCTION: Perinatal suicidality (i.e., thoughts of death, suicide attempts, or self-harm during the period immediately before and up to 12 months after the birth of a child) is a significant public health concern. Few investigations have examined the patients' own views and experiences of maternal suicidal ideation.

METHODS: Between April and October 2010, researchers identified 14 patient participants at a single university-based medical center for a follow-up, semi-structured interview if they screened positive for suicidal ideation on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) short form. In-depth interviews followed a semi-structured interview guide. Researchers transcribed all interviews verbatim and analyzed transcripts using thematic network analysis.

RESULTS: Participants described the experience of suicidality during pregnancy as related to somatic symptoms, past diagnoses, infanticide, family psychiatric history (e.g., completed suicides and family member attempts), and pregnancy complications. The network of themes included the perinatal experience, patient descriptions of changes in mood symptoms, illustrations of situational coping, and reported mental health service use.

IMPLICATIONS: The interview themes suggested that in this small sample, pregnancy represented a critical time period to screen for suicide and to establish treatment for the mothers in the study. These findings may assist health care professionals in the development of interventions designed to identify, assess, and prevent suicidality among perinatal women.

%B Women Health %V 53 %P 519-35 %8 2013 %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1080/03630242.2013.804024 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2013 %T Who dies? Disparities in mortality risk among juvenile offenders. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %K Cause of Death %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Male %K Mortality, Premature %B J Adolesc Health %V 52 %P 668-9 %8 2013 Jun %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.018 %0 Journal Article %J Compr Psychiatry %D 2012 %T Can patterns of alcohol use disorder in young adulthood help explain gender differences in depression? %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Kosterman, Rick %A McCarty, Carolyn A %A Hill, Karl G %A Hawkins, J D %K Adult %K Age Factors %K Alcohol-Related Disorders %K Cohort Studies %K Comorbidity %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Risk Factors %K Sex Factors %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: To test whether gender differences in the prevalence of major depressive disorder differ by longitudinal patterns of alcohol use disorder symptoms.

METHOD: Data are from a prospective longitudinal study examining a broad range of mental health and substance use problems. A gender-balanced sample of 808 participants was interviewed at ages 21, 24, 27, and 30. The sample was divided into subgroups corresponding to longitudinal patterns of alcohol use disorder derived from latent class growth analysis.

RESULTS: Four patterns of alcohol use disorder symptoms were identified: A "low disorder symptom" group, a "decreaser" group, an "increaser" group, and a "chronic disorder symptom" group. Rates of depression were significantly higher for females only among those with a pattern of chronic or decreasing alcohol disorder symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: Elevated rates of depression among females in young adulthood may depend on patterns of co-occurring alcohol disorder symptoms. Practitioners should pay particular attention to signs of chronic alcohol use disorders and associated risks for depression among young adult women.

%B Compr Psychiatry %V 53 %P 1071-7 %8 2012 Nov %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.03.012 %0 Journal Article %J J Fam Violence %D 2012 %T Childhood Violence Exposure: Cumulative and Specific Effects on Adult Mental Health. %A Hooven, Carole %A Nurius, Paula S %A Logan-Greene, Patricia %A Thompson, Elaine A %X

Childhood exposure to violence and victimization is a significant public health problem, with potentially long-lasting, deleterious effects on adult mental health. Using a longitudinal study design, 123 young adults-identified in adolescence as at-risk for high school dropout-were examined for the effects of multi-domain childhood victimization on emotional distress and suicide risk, net of adolescent risk and protective factors, including family dysfunction. The hypothesis that higher levels of cumulative childhood victimization would be significantly associated with mental health maladjustment in young adulthood was confirmed by the analysis. However, the victimization predictors of adult emotional distress were different than the predictors of adult suicide risk. These findings indicate the need for prevention and intervention approaches that include thorough assessment, and focus on the childhood and adolescent problem areas that are most consequential for long-term psychological well-being.

%B J Fam Violence %V 27 %P 511-522 %8 2012 Aug 1 %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10896-012-9438-0 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Community Psychology %D 2012 %T Community-level effects of individual and peer risk and protective factors on adolescent substance use %A Egan, Elizabeth A %A Van Horn, M l %A Monahan, Kathryn C %A Arthur, Michael W %A Hawkins, J D %X

The association between community-aggregated levels of peer and individual risk and protective factors and prevalence of adolescent substance use was examined in repeated cross-sectional data among youth in 41 communities ranging in population from 1,578 to 106,221. The association between community levels of these peer and individual risk and protective factors in 2000 and substance use 2 years later was examined by using within-cohort analyses (e.g., sixth grade in 2000 predicting eighth grade in 2002) and cross-cohort analyses (e.g., sixth grade in 2000 predicting sixth grade in 2002). In both within- and across-cohort analyses, community-aggregated levels of peer and individual risk and protective factors predicted the prevalence of adolescent substance use 2 years later, suggesting that focusing on elevated peer and individual risk factors and depressed peer and individual protective factors at the community level to guide the selection of preventive interventions may be a viable strategy for community efforts to prevent adolescent substance use community wide.

%B Journal of Community Psychology %V 39 %P 478-498 %8 2012 May %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1002/jcop.20437 %0 Journal Article %J J Prim Prev %D 2012 %T Community-responsive interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk in American Indians. %A Jobe, Jared B %A Adams, Alexandra K %A Henderson, Jeffrey A %A Karanja, Njeri %A Lee, Elisa T %A Walters, Karina L %K Adult %K Cardiovascular Diseases %K Child %K Child, Preschool %K Consumer Participation %K Diabetes Complications %K Diabetes Mellitus %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Health Promotion %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Infant %K Male %K Obesity %K Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic %K Risk Factors %K Smoking %K United States %X

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations bear a heavy burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and they have the highest rates of risk factors for CVD, such as cigarette smoking, obesity, and diabetes, of any U.S. population group. Yet, few randomized controlled trials have been launched to test potential preventive interventions in Indian Country. Five randomized controlled trials were initiated recently in AI/AN communities to test the effectiveness of interventions targeting adults and/or children to promote healthy behaviors that are known to impact biological CVD risk factors. This article provides a context for and an overview of these five trials. The high burden of CVD among AI/AN populations will worsen unless behaviors and lifestyles affecting CVD risk can be modified. These five trials, if successful, represent a starting point in addressing these significant health disparities.

%B J Prim Prev %V 33 %P 153-9 %8 2012 Aug %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s10935-012-0277-9 %0 Journal Article %J Addiction %D 2012 %T Co-occurrence of sexual risk behaviors and substance use across emerging adulthood: evidence for state- and trait-level associations. %A King, Kevin M %A Nguyen, Hong V %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hawkins, J D %K Adult %K Alcohol-Related Disorders %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Risk-Taking %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Time Factors %K Unsafe Sex %K Young Adult %X

AIMS:   Prior research has suggested that problematic alcohol and drug use are related to risky sexual behaviors, either due to trait-level associations driven by shared risk factors such as sensation seeking or by state-specific effects, such as the direct effects of substance use on sexual behaviors. Although the prevalence of both high-risk sexual activity and alcohol problems decline with age, little is known about how the associations between substance use disorder symptoms and high-risk sexual behaviors change across young adulthood.

DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:   Using a community sample (n = 790) interviewed every 3 years from age 21 to age 30 years, we tested trait- and state-level associations among symptoms of alcohol and drug abuse and dependence and high-risk sexual behaviors across young adulthood using latent growth curve models.

MEASUREMENTS:   We utilized diagnostic interviews to obtain self-report of past-year drug and alcohol abuse and dependence symptoms. High-risk sexual behaviors were assessed with a composite of four self-reported behaviors.

FINDINGS:   Results showed time-specific associations between alcohol disorder symptoms and risky sexual behaviors (r = 0.195, P < 0.001), but not associations between their trajectories of change. Conversely, risky sexual behaviors and drug disorder symptoms were associated only at the trait level, not the state level, such that the levels and rate of change over time of both were correlated (r = 0.35, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:   High-risk sexual behaviors during young adulthood seem to be driven both by trait and state factors, and intervention efforts may be successful if they are either aimed at high-risk individuals or if they work to disaggregate alcohol use from risky sexual activities.

%B Addiction %V 107 %P 1288-96 %8 2012 Jul %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03792.x %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2012 %T Cost-benefit analysis of Communities That Care outcomes at eighth grade. %A Kuklinski, Margaret R %A Briney, John S %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Cost-Benefit Analysis %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Male %K Risk Reduction Behavior %K Smoking %X

This paper presents a cost-benefit analysis of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system, a public health approach to reducing risk, enhancing protection, and reducing the prevalence of adolescent health and behavior problems community wide. The analysis is based on outcomes from a panel of students followed from Grade 5 through Grade 8 in a randomized controlled trial involving 24 communities in 7 states. Previous analyses have shown that CTC prevented the initiation of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and delinquency by the end of 8th grade in CTC communities compared to controls. This paper estimates long-term monetary benefits associated with significant intervention effects on cigarette smoking and delinquency as compared to the cost of conducting the intervention. Under conservative cost assumptions, the net present benefit is $5,250 per youth, including $812 from the prevention of cigarette smoking and $4,438 from the prevention of delinquency. The benefit-cost ratio indicates a return of $5.30 per $1.00 invested. Under less conservative but still viable cost assumptions, the benefit-cost ratio due to prevention of cigarette smoking and delinquency increases to $10.23 per $1.00 invested. Benefits from CTC's reduction in alcohol initiation as well as broader inclusion of quality-of-life gains would further increase CTC's benefit-cost ratio. Results provide evidence that CTC is a cost-beneficial preventive intervention and a good investment of public dollars, even under very conservative cost and benefit assumptions.

%B Prev Sci %V 13 %P 150-61 %8 2012 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s11121-011-0259-9 %0 Journal Article %J J Drug Issues %D 2012 %T A cross-national comparison of risk and protective factors for adolescent drug use and delinquency in the United States and the Netherlands %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hawkins, J D %A Steketee, Majone %A Jonkman, Harrie %A Brown, Eric C %A Moll, Marit %A Haggerty, Kevin P %X

The present study compared associations between risk and protective factors and adolescent drug use and delinquency in the Netherlands and the United States. Data were collected from students between the ages of 12 and 17 using the same school-administered survey instrument in both countries. Levels of exposure to risk and protective factors were generally similar in both countries. The same risk and protective factors shown to be associated with U.S. adolescents' drug use and delinquency were related significantly to Dutch youth's drug use and delinquency. One important exception was that Dutch students perceived their parents' attitudes to be more favorable toward alcohol use; these attitudes also were more predictive of adolescents' regular drinking in the Netherlands compared to the United States. The findings indicate that the risk and protective factors measured in this study can be important targets for prevention of health-compromising behaviors among young people in the Netherlands and the United States.

%B J Drug Issues %V 42 %P 337-357 %8 2012 Oct %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1177/0022042612461769 %0 Journal Article %J Brain Imaging Behav %D 2012 %T CSF biomarker associations with change in hippocampal volume and precuneus thickness: implications for the Alzheimer's pathological cascade. %A Stricker, Nikki H %A Dodge, Hiroko H %A Dowling, N Maritza %A Han, S Duke %A Erosheva, Elena A %A Jagust, William J %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Alzheimer Disease %K Amyloid beta-Peptides %K Biomarkers %K Female %K Hippocampus %K Humans %K Magnetic Resonance Imaging %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Organ Size %K Parietal Lobe %K Peptide Fragments %K Reproducibility of Results %K Sensitivity and Specificity %X

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and amyloid plaques are hallmark neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is some debate as to which neuropathological feature comes first in the disease process, with early autopsy studies suggesting that NFT develop first, and more recent neuroimaging studies supporting the early role of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Aβ₄₂ and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) have been shown to serve as in vivo proxy measures of amyloid plaques and NFT, respectively. The aim of this study was to examine the association between CSF biomarkers and rate of atrophy in the precuneus and hippocampus. These regions were selected because the precuneus appears to be affected early and severely by Aβ deposition, and the hippocampus similarly by NFT pathology. We predicted (1) baseline Aβ₄₂ would be related to accelerated rate of cortical thinning in the precuneus and volume loss in the hippocampus, with the latter relationship expected to be weaker, (2) baseline p-tau(181p) would be related to accelerated rate of hippocampal atrophy and cortical thinning in the precuneus, with the latter relationship expected to be weaker. Using all ADNI cohorts, we fitted separate linear mixed-effects models for changes in hippocampus and precuneus longitudinal outcome measures with baseline CSF biomarkers modeled as predictors. Results partially supported our hypotheses: Both baseline p-tau(181p) and Aβ₄₂ were associated with hippocampal atrophy over time. Neither p-tau(181p) nor Aβ₄₂ were significantly related to cortical thinning in the precuneus over time. However, follow-up analyses demonstrated that having abnormal levels of both Aβ₄₂ and p-tau(181p) was associated with an accelerated rate of atrophy in both the hippocampus and precuneus. Results support early effects of Aβ in the Alzheimer's disease process, which are less apparent than and perhaps dependent on p-tau effects as the disease progresses. However, amyloid deposition alone may be insufficient for emergence of significant morphometric changes and clinical symptoms.

%B Brain Imaging Behav %V 6 %P 599-609 %8 2012 Dec %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s11682-012-9171-6 %0 Journal Article %J J Drug Issues %D 2012 %T Educational Paths and Substance Use from Adolescence into Early Adulthood. %A Fleming, Charles B %A White, Helene R %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Abbott, Robert D %A Catalano, Richard F %X

This study examined how substance use trajectories from ages 15 to 23 in a community sample (N=921) were related to educational pathways. Rates of heavy drinking converged across different paths, but starting college at a 2-year college before transferring to a 4-year college was related to later increase in drinking after high school. Higher future educational attainment was negatively associated with high school marijuana use, but marijuana use increased after high school for individuals who went to 4-year colleges compared to those who did not. Noncollege youth had the highest rates of daily cigarette smoking throughout adolescence and early adulthood, while college dropouts had higher rates of smoking than college students who did not drop out. The findings support the need for universal prevention for early adult heavy drinking, addressing increases in drinking and marijuana use in 4-year colleges, and targeting marijuana use and cigarette smoking interventions at noncollege youth and college dropouts.

%B J Drug Issues %V 42 %8 2012 Apr 1 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1177/0022042612446590 %0 Journal Article %J Drug Alcohol Depend %D 2012 %T The effects of general and alcohol-specific peer factors in adolescence on trajectories of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from 21 to 33 years. %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Hill, Karl G %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hartigan, Lacey A %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcoholism %K Disease Progression %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Social Behavior %X

BACKGROUND: The present study examines whether general and alcohol-specific peer risk factors from age 10 to 18 are associated with longitudinal patterns of adult alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from age 21 to 33.

METHODS: Using growth mixture modeling, trajectory groups of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from age 21 to 33 were identified. We then examined the relationships between the identified trajectory groups of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms and respondents' own adolescent binge drinking, a general negative peer factor, and an alcohol-specific peer factor (having drinking peers) in adolescence using pseudo-class Wald Chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regressions.

RESULTS: Four different trajectory groups of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms were identified: persistor group (3%), decreaser group (23%), escalator group (3%), and a no-disorder group (71%). Bivariate Wald Chi-square tests indicated that adolescent binge drinking behavior and general and alcohol-specific peer factors differentiated the adult alcohol abuse trajectory groups. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression showed that the general negative peer factors distinguished those who later persisted in alcohol abuse from those who desisted (i.e., persistor group vs. decreaser group) during young adulthood, even after adjusting for respondents' adolescent binge drinking. On the other hand, associating with drinking peers did not distinguish these trajectories.

CONCLUSION: Alcohol-specific peer influences appear to influence alcohol abuse disorder symptoms in the early 20s, while general negative peer exposure in adolescence increases in importance as a risk factor for alcohol abuse disorder symptom persistence in the late 20s and the early 30s.

%B Drug Alcohol Depend %V 121 %P 213-9 %8 2012 Mar 1 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.028 %0 Journal Article %J J Res Adolesc %D 2012 %T Effects of timing of adversity on adolescent and young adult adjustment %A Kiff, Cara J %A Cortes, Rebecca %A Lengua, Lilana %A Kosterman, Rick %A Hawkins, J D %A Mason, W A %X

Effects of Timing of Adversity on Adolescent and Young Adult Adjustment Abstract Exposure to adversity during childhood and adolescence predicts adjustment across development. Further, adolescent adjustment problems persist into young adulthood. This study examined relations of contextual adversity with concurrent adolescent adjustment and prospective mental health and health outcomes in young adulthood. A longitudinal sample (N = 808) was followed from age 10 through 27. Perceptions of neighborhood in childhood predicted depression, alcohol use disorders, and HIV risk in young adulthood. Further, the timing of adversity was important in determining the type of problem experienced in adulthood. Youth adjustment predicted adult outcomes, and in some cases, mediated the relation between adversity and outcomes. These findings support the importance of adversity in predicting adjustment and elucidate factors that affect outcomes into young adulthood.

%B J Res Adolesc %V 22 %P 284-300 %8 2012 Jun 1 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00781.x %0 Journal Article %J Prog Community Health Partnersh %D 2012 %T Evaluating community-based participatory research to improve community-partnered science and community health. %A Hicks, Sarah %A Duran, Bonnie %A Wallerstein, Nina %A Avila, Magdalena %A Belone, Lorenda %A Lucero, Julie %A Magarati, Maya %A Mainer, Elana %A Martin, Diane %A Muhammad, Michael %A Oetzel, John %A Pearson, Cynthia %A Sahota, Puneet %A Simonds, Vanessa %A Sussman, Andrew %A Tafoya, Greg %A Hat, Emily White %K Community-Based Participatory Research %K Community-Institutional Relations %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K National Institutes of Health (U.S.) %K Public Health %K Research %K Trust %K United States %K Universities %X

BACKGROUND: Since 2007, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) Policy Research Center (PRC) has partnered with the Universities of New Mexico and Washington to study the science of community-based participatory research (CBPR). Our goal is to identify facilitators and barriers to effective community-academic partnerships in American Indian and other communities, which face health disparities.

OBJECTIVES: We have described herein the scientific design of our National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded study (2009-2013) and lessons learned by having a strong community partner leading the research efforts.

METHODS: The research team is implementing a mixed-methods study involving a survey of principal investigators (PIs) and partners across the nation and in-depth case studies of CBPR projects.

RESULTS: We present preliminary findings on methods and measures for community-engaged research and eight lessons learned thus far regarding partnership evaluation, advisory councils, historical trust, research capacity development of community partner, advocacy, honoring each other, messaging, and funding.

CONCLUSIONS: Study methodologies and lessons learned can help community-academic research partnerships translate research in communities.

%B Prog Community Health Partnersh %V 6 %P 289-99 %8 2012 Fall %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1353/cpr.2012.0049 %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2012 %T Examining explanatory mechanisms of the effects of early alcohol use on young adult alcohol dependence. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Hill, Karl G %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Hartigan, Lacey A %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adolescent Development %K Age Factors %K Age of Onset %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcoholism %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: This study examined potential explanatory mechanisms linking childhood alcohol use onset and chronicity of adult alcohol dependence by testing the following three competing hypotheses: (1) a marker hypothesis, where early onset of alcohol use may be simply a marker for other factors that have been linked to both age at initiation and adult alcohol problems; (2) a compromised development hypothesis, where early alcohol initiation may interfere with adolescent development, which can lead to later alcohol problems; and (3) an increased substance use hypothesis, where early onset of alcohol use may lead to increased substance use in adolescence and, in turn, chronic alcohol dependence.

METHOD: Data came from a longitudinal community sample of 808 participants recruited at age 10 in 1985. Participants were followed through age 33 in 2008 with 92% retention.

RESULTS: Childhood onset of alcohol use (before age 11), when compared with initiation during adolescence, predicted an increased chronicity of adult alcohol dependence, even after accounting for the hypothesized confounds from the marker hypothesis. In addition, adolescent compromised functioning did not mediate this relationship between early alcohol use and chronicity of adult dependence (Hypothesis 2), nor did adolescent substance use (Hypothesis 3). However, compromised functioning and substance use in adolescence predicted increased chronicity of alcohol dependence in young adulthood.

CONCLUSIONS: Prevention efforts as early as the elementary grades should focus on delaying the onset of alcohol use and reducing substance use in adolescence as well as improving school functioning, reducing adolescent problem behaviors, and targeting adolescent peer networks.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 73 %P 379-90 %8 2012 May %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J J Psychosoc Oncol %D 2012 %T Expressive talking among caregivers of hematopoietic stem cell transplant survivors: acceptability and concurrent subjective, objective, and physiologic indicators of emotion. %A Langer, Shelby L %A Kelly, Thomas H %A Storer, Barry E %A Hall, Suzanne P %A Lucas, Heather G %A Syrjala, Karen L %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Adult %K Caregivers %K Communication %K Expressed Emotion %K Female %K Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Patient Satisfaction %K Psychotherapy %K Skin Physiological Phenomena %K Stress, Psychological %K Survivors %X

This study sought to examine the effects of an expressive talking intervention for 58 caregiving partners of hematopoietic stem cell transplant survivors, persons known to experience distress. Caregivers were randomly assigned to a three-session emotional expression (EE) or control condition. Subjective, objective, and physiologic indicators of emotion were assessed. Relative to controls, EE participants experienced more negative emotion, uttered more negative emotion words, and perceived the exercises as more helpful and meaningful. The trajectory of skin conductance and the use of cognitive mechanism words increased across EE sessions, suggesting sustained emotional engagement. Future research is warranted to determine the optimal dose and timing of EE for this population.

%B J Psychosoc Oncol %V 30 %P 294-315 %8 2012 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1080/07347332.2012.664255 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2012 %T Family influences related to adult substance use and mental health problems: A developmental analysis of child and adolescent predictors. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Kosterman, Rick %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Development %K Adult %K Anxiety %K Child %K Child Development %K Conflict (Psychology) %K Depression %K Family Relations %K Female %K Forecasting %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Substance-Related Disorders %X

PURPOSE: This study investigated measures of family conflict, family management, and family involvement at ages 10-12, 13-14, and 15-18 years as predictors of adult depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder symptoms classes at age 27. The objective was to assess the relative influence on adult outcomes of each family predictor measured similarly at different points in adolescent development.

METHODS: Data were obtained from the Seattle Social Development Project, a theory-driven longitudinal study that began in 1985, with 808 fifth-grade students from 18 Seattle public elementary schools. A latent class analysis of adult outcomes was followed by bivariate and multivariate models for each family predictor. Of the original 808 participants, 747 (92% of the original sample) had available data at age 27 on the mental health and substance use latent class indicators. Missing data were handled using full-information maximum likelihood estimation.

RESULTS: Four latent classes were derived: a "low disorder symptoms" class, a "licit substance use disorder symptoms" class, a "mental health disorder symptoms" class, and a "comorbid" class. Multivariate results show that family conflict is the strongest and most consistent predictor of the adult mental health and substance use classes. Family management, but not family involvement, was also predictive of the adult outcome classes.

CONCLUSIONS: It is important to lessen family conflict and improve family management to prevent later mental health and substance use problems in adulthood.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 51 %P 129-35 %8 2012 Aug %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.11.003 %0 Journal Article %J J Child Fam Stud %D 2012 %T Family intervention to prevent depression and substance use among adolescents of depressed parents %A Mason, W A %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Fleming, Andrew P %A Casey-Goldstein, Mary %X

Parental depression places offspring at elevated risk for multiple, co-occurring problems. The purpose of this study was to develop and preliminarily evaluate Project Hope, a family intervention for the prevention of both depression and substance use among adolescent-aged children (M = 13.9 years) of depressed parents. The program was created by blending two empirically supported interventions: one for depression and another for substance use. Thirty families were randomly assigned to either Project Hope (n = 16) or a wait-list control condition (n = 14). Pretests, posttests (n = 29), and 5-month follow-ups (n = 28) were conducted separately with parents and youth via phone interviews. Questions asked about the family depression experience, family interactions, family management, coping, adolescent substance use beliefs and refusal skills, adolescent depression, and adolescent substance use. Project Hope was fully developed, manualized, and implemented with a small sample of targeted families. Engagement in the program was relatively high. Preliminary outcome analyses were conducted using 2 (Group) ×3 (Time) analyses of covariance. Results provided some evidence for significant improvements among intervention compared to control participants in indicators of the family depression experience, family management, and coping, and a statistically significant decrease from pretest to posttest in alcohol quantity for intervention compared to control youth. Next steps for this program of research are discussed.

%B J Child Fam Stud %V 21 %P 891-905 %8 2012 Dec 1 %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10826-011-9549-x %0 Journal Article %J J Homosex %D 2012 %T HIV disclosure and subsequent sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men who meet online. %A St De Lore, Jef %A Thiede, Hanne %A Cheadle, Allen %A Goldbaum, Gary %A Carey, James W %A Hutcheson, Rebecca E %A Jenkins, Richard A %A Golden, Matthew R %K Adult %K HIV Infections %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Internet %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Self Disclosure %K Sexual Behavior %K Unsafe Sex %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

To assess HIV disclosure discussions and related sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) who meet sex partners online, 28 qualitative interviews with Seattle-area MSM were analyzed using grounded theory methods and themes and behavior patterns were identified. MSM found a greater ease in communicating and could prescreen partners through the Internet. However, no consistent relationship was found between HIV disclosure and subsequent behaviors: some were safer based on disclosure while perceived HIV status led others to risky behaviors. Interventions need to promote accurate disclosure while acknowledging its limitations and the need for men to self-protect.

%B J Homosex %V 59 %P 592-609 %8 2012 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1080/00918369.2012.665704 %0 Journal Article %J Depress Anxiety %D 2012 %T Impact of childhood trauma on the outcomes of a perinatal depression trial. %A Grote, Nancy K %A Spieker, Susan J %A Lohr, Mary Jane %A Geibel, Sharon L %A Swartz, Holly A %A Frank, Ellen %A Houck, Patricia R %A Katon, Wayne %K Adult %K Adult Survivors of Child Abuse %K Depressive Disorder %K Female %K Humans %K Poverty %K Pregnancy %K Pregnancy Complications %K Psychotherapy, Brief %K Risk Factors %K Treatment Outcome %X

BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse and neglect have been linked with increased risks of adverse mental health outcomes in adulthood and may moderate or predict response to depression treatment. In a small randomized controlled trial treating depression in a diverse sample of nontreatment-seeking, pregnant, low-income women, we hypothesized that childhood trauma exposure would moderate changes in symptoms and functioning over time for women assigned to usual care (UC), but not to brief interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-B) followed by maintenance IPT. Second, we predicted that trauma exposure would be negatively associated with treatment response over time and at the two follow-up time points for women within UC, but not for those within IPT-B who were expected to show remission in depression severity and other outcomes, regardless of trauma exposure.

METHODS: Fifty-three pregnant low-income women were randomly assigned to IPT-B (n = 25) or UC (n = 28). Inclusion criteria included ≥ 18 years, >12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 10-32 weeks gestation, English speaking, and access to a phone. Participants were evaluated for childhood trauma, depressive symptoms/diagnoses, anxiety symptoms, social functioning, and interpersonal problems.

RESULTS: Regression and mixed effects repeated measures analyses revealed that trauma exposure did not moderate changes in symptoms and functioning over time for women in UC versus IPT-B. Analyses of covariance showed that within the IPT-B group, women with more versus less trauma exposure had greater depression severity and poorer outcomes at 3-month postbaseline. At 6-month postpartum, they had outcomes indicating remission in depression and functioning, but also had more residual depressive symptoms than those with less trauma exposure.

CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma did not predict poorer outcomes in the IPT-B group at 6-month postpartum, as it did at 3-month postbaseline, suggesting that IPT including maintenance sessions is a reasonable approach to treating depression in this population. Since women with more trauma exposure had more residual depressive symptoms at 6-month postpartum, they might require longer maintenance treatment to prevent depressive relapse.

%B Depress Anxiety %V 29 %P 563-73 %8 2012 Jul %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1002/da.21929 %0 Journal Article %J Health Educ Behav %D 2012 %T The impact of school suspension on student tobacco use: a longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Heerde, Jessica A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Continental Population Groups %K Family %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Schools %K Sex Factors %K Smoking %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Victoria %K Washington %X

CONTEXT: School suspension may have unintended consequences in contributing to problem behaviors, including dropping out from school, substance use, and antisocial behavior. Tobacco use is an early-onset problem behavior, but prospective studies of the effects of suspension on tobacco use are lacking.

METHOD: Longitudinal school-based survey of students drawn as a two-stage cluster sample, administered in 2002 and 2003, in Washington State, United States, and Victoria, Australia. The study uses statewide representative samples of students in Grades 7 and 9 (N = 3,599).

RESULTS: Rates of tobacco use were higher for Victorian than Washington State students. School suspension remained a predictor of current tobacco use at 12-month follow-up, after controlling for established risk factors including prior tobacco and other drug use for Grade 7 but not Grade 9 students.

CONCLUSIONS: School suspension is associated with early adolescent tobacco use, itself an established predictor of adverse outcomes in young people. Findings suggest the need to explore process mechanisms and alternatives to school suspensions as a response to challenging student behavior in early adolescence.

%B Health Educ Behav %V 39 %P 45-56 %8 2012 Feb %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1177/1090198111406724 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Orthopsychiatry %D 2012 %T Institutional predictors of developmental outcomes among racially diverse foster care alumni. %A Garcia, Antonio R %A Pecora, Peter J %A Harachi, Tracy %A Aisenberg, Eugene %K Adult %K African Americans %K Consumer Behavior %K Educational Status %K Employment %K Ethnic Groups %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Foster Home Care %K Hispanic Americans %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Mental Disorders %X

Child welfare practitioners are confronted with the responsibility of relying on best practice to ensure children in foster care transition successfully into adulthood after leaving the foster care system. Yet, despite recent reforms and efforts to address their needs, research clearly shows that foster care alumni are still more likely to experience negative developmental outcomes compared to adults in the general population. The purpose of this study was to better understand how child-serving systems of care adequately prepare racially diverse foster care alumni to thrive. Controlling for gender, age, placement instability, and circumstances of exit from foster care, study findings highlighted salient racial and ethnic differences relative to which factors predicted the odds of mental health, education, and employment outcomes. Implications for developing and implementing culturally sensitive, evidence-based prevention and intervention programs to promote positive developmental outcomes among racially diverse foster care alumni are discussed.

%B Am J Orthopsychiatry %V 82 %P 573-84 %8 2012 Oct %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01181.x %0 Journal Article %J Soc Sci Med %D 2012 %T Limited English proficiency and psychological distress among Latinos and Asian Americans. %A Zhang, Wei %A Hong, Seunghye %A Takeuchi, David T %A Mossakowski, Krysia N %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Asian Americans %K Communication Barriers %K Female %K Hispanic Americans %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Minority Groups %K Multilingualism %K Prejudice %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Stress, Psychological %K United States %K Young Adult %X

English proficiency is increasingly recognized as an important factor that is related to the mental health of immigrants and ethnic minorities. However, few studies have examined how the association between English proficiency and mental health operates and whether the pattern of association is similar or different among various ethnic minority groups. This paper investigates how limited English proficiency directly and indirectly affects psychological distress through pathways of discrimination for both Latinos and Asian Americans in the United States. Findings suggest that, for Asian Americans, limited English proficiency has an independent relationship with psychological distress over and above demographic variables, socioeconomic and immigration-related factors and discrimination. For Latinos, however, socio-demographic variables and discrimination show a stronger association than limited English proficiency in affecting psychological distress. Different forms of discrimination - everyday discrimination and racial/ethnic discrimination - are equally important for both ethnic groups. Findings underscore the differential role of limited English proficiency for the mental health of Asian Americans and Latinos and suggest the distinctive racial experiences and backgrounds of these two ethnic groups.

%B Soc Sci Med %V 75 %P 1006-14 %8 2012 Sep %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.012 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2012 %T Longitudinal predictors of cyber and traditional bullying perpetration in Australian secondary school students. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Kotevski, Aneta %A Tollit, Michelle %A Smith, Rachel %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Aggression %K Australia %K Bullying %K Child %K Crime Victims %K Educational Status %K Family Relations %K Female %K Forecasting %K Humans %K Internet %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Schools %K Students %X

PURPOSE: Cyberbullying perpetration (using communication technology to engage in bullying) is a recent phenomenon that has generated much concern. There are few prospective longitudinal studies of cyberbullying. The current article examines the individual, peer, family, and school risk factors for both cyber and traditional bullying (the latter is bullying that does not use technology) in adolescents.

METHODS: This article draws on a rich data set from the International Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States, which began in 2002. In this article, data from almost 700 Victorian students recruited in grade 5 are analyzed to examine grade 7 (aged 12-13 years) predictors of traditional and cyberbullying perpetration in grade 9 (aged 14-15 years).

RESULTS: Fifteen per cent of students engaged in cyberbullying, 21% in traditional bullying, and 7% in both. There are similarities and important differences in the predictors of cyber and traditional bullying. In the fully adjusted model, only prior engagement in relational aggression (a covert form of bullying, such as spreading rumors about another student) predicted cyberbullying perpetration. For traditional bullying, previous relational aggression was also predictive, as was having been a victim and perpetrator of traditional bullying, family conflict, and academic failure.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of evidence-based bullying prevention programs is supported to reduce experiences of all forms of bullying perpetration (cyber, traditional, and relational aggression). In addition, for traditional bullying perpetration, addressing family conflict and student academic support are also important.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 51 %P 59-65 %8 2012 Jul %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.11.019 %0 Journal Article %J J Youth Adolesc %D 2012 %T Multiple identification and risks: examination of peer factors across multiracial and single-race youth. %A Choi, Yoonsun %A He, Michael %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Catalano, Richard F %A Toumbourou, John W %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Child %K Continental Population Groups %K Dangerous Behavior %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Peer Group %K Prevalence %K Risk-Taking %K Social Identification %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Violence %X

Multiracial youth are thought to be more vulnerable to peer-related risk factors than are single-race youth. However, there have been surprisingly few well-designed studies on this topic. This study empirically investigated the extent to which multiracial youth are at higher risk for peer influenced problem behavior. Data are from a representative and longitudinal sample of youth from Washington State (N = 1,760, mean age = 14.13, 50.9% girls). Of those in the sample, 225 youth self-identified as multiracial (12.8%), 1,259 as White (71.5%), 152 as Latino (8.6%), and 124 as Asian American (7.1%). Results show that multiracial youth have higher rates of violence and alcohol use than Whites and more marijuana use than Asian Americans. Higher levels of socioeconomic disadvantage and single-parent family status partly explained the higher rates of problem behaviors among multiracial youth. Peer risk factors of substance-using or antisocial friends were higher for multiracial youth than Whites, even after socioeconomic variables were accounted for, demonstrating a higher rate of peer risks among multiracial youth. The number of substance-using friends was the most consistently significant correlate and predictor of problems and was highest among multiracial youth. However, interaction tests did not provide consistent evidence of a stronger influence of peer risks among multiracial youth. Findings underscore the importance of a differentiated understanding of vulnerability in order to better target prevention and intervention efforts as well as the need for further research that can help identify and explain the unique experiences and vulnerabilities of multiracial youth.

%B J Youth Adolesc %V 41 %P 847-62 %8 2012 Jul %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1007/s10964-012-9750-2 %0 Journal Article %J Child Maltreat %D 2012 %T Multiple jeopardy: poor, economically disconnected, and child welfare involved. %A Marcenko, Maureen O %A Hook, Jennifer L %A Romich, Jennifer L %A Lee, JoAnn S %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Child %K Child Health Services %K Child Welfare %K Family Characteristics %K Female %K Health Services Accessibility %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Multivariate Analysis %K Parents %K Poverty %K Public Assistance %K Unemployment %K Washington %X

Although the welfare literature reveals a growing number of parents who are economically disconnected, meaning neither employed nor receiving cash assistance, little is known about the prevalence and impacts of disconnection among child welfare-involved parents. This study took advantage of a statewide survey of child welfare-involved parents to examine economic disconnection in this population and to explore the relationship between disconnection and parent engagement in child welfare. One fifth of the sample reported that they were economically disconnected, with several patterns differentiating disconnected caregivers from those who received benefits or earned income through employment. Disconnected caregivers were younger and more frequently had children in out-of-home placements as opposed to receiving services in home than economically connected caregivers. They also reported higher unmet needs for basic services, such as housing and medical care, but were more likely to report financial help from their informal network. Finally, disconnected caregivers reported lower engagement in child welfare services even when controlling for demographic characteristics, chronic psychosocial risk factors, placement status, and maltreatment type. The findings document economic disconnection among child welfare-involved parents and raise important questions about the implications of disconnection for families and for child welfare outcomes.

%B Child Maltreat %V 17 %P 195-206 %8 2012 Aug %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/1077559512456737 %0 Journal Article %J Struct Equ Modeling %D 2012 %T Not quite normal: Consequences of violating the assumption of normality in regression mixture models. %A Van Horn, M l %A Smith, Jessalyn %A Fagan, Abigail A %A Jaki, Thomas %A Feaster, Daniel J %A Masyn, Katherine %A Hawkins, J D %A Howe, George %X

Regression mixture models are a new approach for finding differential effects which have only recently begun to be used in applied research. This approach comes at the cost of the assumption that error terms are normally distributed within classes. The current study uses Monte Carlo simulations to explore the effects of relatively minor violations of this assumption, the use of an ordered polytomous outcome is then examined as an alternative which makes somewhat weaker assumptions, and finally both approaches are demonstrated with an applied example looking at differences in the effects of family management on the highly skewed outcome of drug use. Results show that violating the assumption of normal errors results in systematic bias in both latent class enumeration and parameter estimates. Additional classes which reflect violations of distributional assumptions are found. Under some conditions it is possible to come to conclusions that are consistent with the effects in the population, but when errors are skewed in both classes the results typically no longer reflect even the pattern of effects in the population. The polytomous regression model performs better under all scenarios examined and comes to reasonable results with the highly skewed outcome in the applied example. We recommend that careful evaluation of model sensitivity to distributional assumptions be the norm when conducting regression mixture models.

%B Struct Equ Modeling %V 19 %P 227-249 %8 2012 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1080/10705511.2012.659622 %0 Journal Article %J J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care %D 2012 %T Palliative care in the pediatric ICU: challenges and opportunities for family-centered practice. %A Doorenbos, Ardith %A Lindhorst, Taryn %A Starks, Helene %A Aisenberg, Eugene %A Curtis, J Randall %A Hays, Ross %K Child %K Humans %K Intensive Care Units, Pediatric %K Palliative Care %K Patient Care Team %K Patient Transfer %K Patient-Centered Care %K Pediatrics %K Professional Role %K Professional-Family Relations %K Terminal Care %K United States %X

The culture of pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is focused on curative or life-prolonging treatments for seriously ill children. We present empirically-based approaches to family-centered palliative care that can be applied in PICUs. Palliative care in these settings is framed by larger issues related to the context of care in PICUs, the stressors experienced by families, and challenges to palliative care philosophy within this environment. Innovations from research on family-centered communication practices in adult ICU settings provide a framework for development of palliative care in PICUs and suggest avenues for social work support of critically ill children and their families.

%B J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care %V 8 %P 297-315 %8 2012 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1080/15524256.2012.732461 %0 Journal Article %J J Community Psychol %D 2012 %T Pathways From School Suspension to Adolescent Nonviolent Antisocial Behavior in Students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Plenty, Stephanie M %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %A McMorris, Barbara J %X

School suspension is associated with school drop-out, crime, delinquency, and alcohol and other drug use for the suspended student. Important research questions are how academic and related factors are relevant to the school suspension process and the generality of the process in different sites. State representative samples of Grade 7 students (N = 1,945) in Washington State, United States and Victoria, Australia were followed from 2002 to 2004. In both states, Grade 7 school suspension was associated with higher rates of nonviolent antisocial behavior and suspension 24 months later, before Grade 8 factors were entered into the model. Relevant factors were Grade 8 low school grades and association with antisocial peers, as well as Grade 8 antisocial behavior in Washington State only. The implications of these findings for the ways in which suspension is used in schools are outlined.

%B J Community Psychol %V 40 %P 301-318 %8 2012 Apr 1 %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J J Prim Prev %D 2012 %T Predictive validity of established cut points for risk and protective factor scales from the Communities That Care youth survey %A Briney, John S %A Brown, Eric C %A Hawkins, J D %A Arthur, Michael W %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Child %K Factor Analysis, Statistical %K Forecasting %K Health Care Coalitions %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Risk Assessment %K Risk Factors %K Risk Reduction Behavior %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Surveys and Questionnaires %X

Community coalitions are a popular strategy to coordinate activities and resources to prevent adolescent substance use and delinquent behavior. Despite early evidence of their lack of effectiveness, a new generation of community coalitions has shown positive results in preventing youth substance use and delinquency. This success can be attributed to coalition decision making focused on reducing local risk factors and increasing local protective factors through the use of evidence-based prevention programs. A previous study using cross-sectional data established cut point values for scales measuring risk and protective factors on the Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTCYS) to identify high levels of risk and low levels of protection in communities on each scale. The current study extended this previous research by using longitudinal data to assess the validity of risk and protective factor cut point values in predicting substance use and delinquent behavior 1 year after risk and protection were measured. The findings demonstrate the predictive validity of cut points for risk and protective factor scales measured by the CTCYS and suggest their utility in guiding prevention efforts.

%B J Prim Prev %V 33 %P 249-58 %8 2012 Dec %G eng %N 5-6 %R 10.1007/s10935-012-0280-1 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Orthopsychiatry %D 2012 %T Predictors and responses to the growth in physical violence during adolescence: a comparison of students in Washington State and Victoria, Australia. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Mason, W A %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Australia %K Child %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Models, Psychological %K Risk Factors %K Students %K Victoria %K Violence %K Washington %X

This study investigates patterns in violence over 3 time points in early- to mid-adolescence in 2 statewide representative samples of youth, one in Washington State, USA, and the other in Victoria, Australia. Comparable data collection methods in both states were used to cross-nationally compare patterns of violence, risk factors, and responses to violence (school suspensions and arrests) in 2 policy contexts. Risk factors include early use of alcohol, binge drinking, involvement with antisocial peers, family conflict, poor family management, sensation seeking, and bully victimization. These are modeled as correlates of initial violence and predictors of change in violence over a 3-year period, from ages 12-15, for participating youth. Results suggest that patterns and predictors of violence are mostly similar in the 2 states. Initial levels of violence (age 13) and change over time in violence were associated in both states with more youth school suspensions and more police arrests in Grade 9. Some cross-national differences were also shown. For example, correlations of violence with gender and violence with binge drinking were stronger in Victoria, whereas correlations of violence with early use of alcohol and with antisocial peer involvement were stronger in Washington State. Antisocial peer involvement and family conflict were significant predictors of a gradual increase in violence from Grades 7-9 for youth in Victoria only. Implications are discussed with attention to prevention and intervention efforts.

%B Am J Orthopsychiatry %V 82 %P 41-9 %8 2012 Jan %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01139.x %0 Journal Article %J Addiction %D 2012 %T Primary outcome indices in illicit drug dependence treatment research: systematic approach to selection and measurement of drug use end-points in clinical trials. %A Donovan, Dennis M %A Bigelow, George E %A Brigham, Gregory S %A Carroll, Kathleen M %A Cohen, Allan J %A Gardin, John G %A Hamilton, John A %A Huestis, Marilyn A %A Hughes, John R %A Lindblad, Robert %A Marlatt, G Alan %A Preston, Kenzie L %A Selzer, Jeffrey A %A Somoza, Eugene C %A Wakim, Paul G %A Wells, Elizabeth A %K Alcoholism %K Biomedical Research %K Clinical Trials as Topic %K Consensus %K Endpoint Determination %K Humans %K Self Report %K Street Drugs %K Substance Abuse Detection %K Substance Withdrawal Syndrome %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Tobacco Use Disorder %K Treatment Outcome %X

AIMS: Clinical trials test the safety and efficacy of behavioral and pharmacological interventions in drug-dependent individuals. However, there is no consensus about the most appropriate outcome(s) to consider in determining treatment efficacy or on the most appropriate methods for assessing selected outcome(s). We summarize the discussion and recommendations of treatment and research experts, convened by the US National Institute on Drug Abuse, to select appropriate primary outcomes for drug dependence treatment clinical trials, and in particular the feasibility of selecting a common outcome to be included in all or most trials.

METHODS: A brief history of outcomes employed in prior drug dependence treatment research, incorporating perspectives from tobacco and alcohol research, is included. The relative merits and limitations of focusing on drug-taking behavior, as measured by self-report and qualitative or quantitative biological markers, are evaluated.

RESULTS: Drug-taking behavior, measured ideally by a combination of self-report and biological indicators, is seen as the most appropriate proximal primary outcome in drug dependence treatment clinical trials.

CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the most appropriate outcome will vary as a function of salient variables inherent in the clinical trial, such as the type of intervention, its target, treatment goals (e.g. abstinence or reduction of use) and the perspective being taken (e.g. researcher, clinical program, patient, society). It is recommended that a decision process, based on such trial variables, be developed to guide the selection of primary and secondary outcomes as well as the methods to assess them.

%B Addiction %V 107 %P 694-708 %8 2012 Apr %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03473.x %0 Journal Article %J J Prim Prev %D 2012 %T Project həli?dx(w)/Healthy Hearts Across Generations: development and evaluation design of a tribally based cardiovascular disease prevention intervention for American Indian families. %A Walters, Karina L %A LaMarr, June %A Levy, Rona L %A Pearson, Cynthia %A Maresca, Teresa %A Mohammed, Selina A %A Simoni, Jane M %A Evans-Campbell, Teresa %A Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen %A Fryberg, Sheryl %A Jobe, Jared B %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Body Mass Index %K Cardiovascular Diseases %K Community-Based Participatory Research %K Community-Institutional Relations %K Cultural Competency %K Family Relations %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Inuits %K Life Style %K Male %K Motivational Interviewing %K Northwestern United States %K Parents %K Risk Factors %K Young Adult %X

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations are disproportionately at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and obesity, compared with the general US population. This article describes the həli?dx(w)/Healthy Hearts Across Generations project, an AIAN-run, tribally based randomized controlled trial (January 2010-June 2012) designed to evaluate a culturally appropriate CVD risk prevention program for AI parents residing in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. At-risk AIAN adults (n = 135) were randomly assigned to either a CVD prevention intervention arm or a comparison arm focusing on increasing family cohesiveness, communication, and connectedness. Both year-long conditions included 1 month of motivational interviewing counseling followed by personal coach contacts and family life-skills classes. Blood chemistry, blood pressure, body mass index, food intake, and physical activity were measured at baseline and at 4- and 12-month follow-up times.

%B J Prim Prev %V 33 %P 197-207 %8 2012 Aug %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s10935-012-0274-z %0 Journal Article %J Child Youth Serv Rev %D 2012 %T Promoting relationship building and connection: Adapting an evidence-based parenting program for families involved in the child welfare system %A Storer, Heather L %A Barkan, Susan E %A Sherman, Emma L %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Mattos, Leah M %X

The high needs of youth involved in the child welfare system and the poor long-term outcomes of former foster youth represent a significant systemic challenge. As part of a process to adapt an evidence-based parenting program for a child welfare population, we conducted a series of focus groups with child welfare staff, foster caregivers, and young adults who were involved in the foster system as teens. From these focus groups we learned that, although there is a need for evidence-based parenting programs for families involved in the child welfare setting, one of the significant barriers to program implementation is the lack of meaningful connection between caregivers and youth in their care. We will provide an in-depth discussion on the proposed adaptations to make Staying Connected more relevant for foster families, including the addition of skills training to help overcome some of the barriers to connection. Staying Connected holds the promise of cultivating more supportive home environments that have the capacity to nurture youths' healthy development, including the avoidance of high-risk behaviors.

%B Child Youth Serv Rev %V 34 %8 2012 Sep 1 %G eng %N 9 %R 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.017 %0 Journal Article %J Violence Vict %D 2012 %T A prospective investigation of the relationship between child maltreatment and indicators of adult psychological well-being. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Klika, J B %A Herrenkohl, Roy C %A Russo, M J %A Dee, Tamara %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Adult %K Adult Survivors of Child Abuse %K Anger %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Female %K Happiness %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Male %K Personal Satisfaction %K Prospective Studies %K Risk Factors %K Self Concept %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Survivors %X

The study of psychological well-being will advance understanding of child maltreatment effects and resilience processes. In this study, the mean level of anger in adulthood was significantly higher for those identified three decades earlier as having been maltreated. Mean levels of self-esteem, autonomy, purpose in life, perceived (fewer) constraints, and happiness and satisfaction were lower for those who were maltreated according to child welfare reports. Officially recorded child maltreatment was moderately (r < .30) correlated with several psychological well-being indicators and predictive of adult anger, self-esteem, autonomy, and happiness/life satisfaction after accounting for childhood socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and other sources of data on child abuse and neglect. Parent-reported abusive disciplining also uniquely predicted several outcomes, as did a measure of observed child neglect to a lesser extent.

%B Violence Vict %V 27 %P 764-76 %8 2012 %G eng %N 5 %0 Journal Article %J Race Justice %D 2012 %T Racial Disparity in Police Contacts. %A Crutchfield, Robert D %A Skinner, Martie L %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A McGlynn, Anne %A Catalano, Richard F %X

Criminologists agree the race disparity in arrests cannot be fully explained by differences in criminal behavior. We examine social environment factors that may lead to racial differences in police contact in early adolescence, including family, peers, school, and community. Data are from 331 8th-grade students. Blacks were almost twice as likely as Whites to report a police contact. Blacks reported more property crime but not more violent crime than Whites. Police contacts were increased by having a parent who had been arrested, a sibling involved in criminal activity, higher observed reward for negative behavior, having school disciplinary actions, and knowing adults who engaged in substance abuse or criminal behavior. Race differences in police contacts were partially attributable to more school discipline.

%B Race Justice %V 2 %8 2012 Jul 1 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/2153368712448063 %0 Journal Article %J Addict Behav %D 2012 %T Review of risk and protective factors of substance use and problem use in emerging adulthood. %A Stone, Andrea L %A Becker, Linda G %A Huber, Alice M %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Behavior, Addictive %K Family %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Residence Characteristics %K Risk Factors %K Social Facilitation %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

This review examines the evidence for longitudinal predictors of substance use and abuse in emerging adulthood. Nationally representative data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug use and Health suggest that many substance use problems reach their peak prevalence during emerging adulthood (usually defined as the period from age 18 to age 26). This stage of development is characterized by rapid transitions into new social contexts that involve greater freedom and less social control than experienced during adolescence. Concurrent with this newfound independence is an increase in rates of substance use and abuse. Understanding the risk and protective factors associated with emerging adult substance use problems is an important step in developing interventions targeting those problems. While multiple reviews have examined risk and protective factors for substance use during adolescence, and many of these earlier predictors may predict emerging adult substance use, few studies have focused primarily on the emerging adult outcomes examining predictors from both adolescence and emerging adulthood. This review used the databases PubMed and PsycInfo to identify articles pertaining to longitudinal predictors of substance use problems in emerging adulthood, building from the conceptual framework presented in a review on risk and protective factors for adolescent substance abuse by Hawkins and colleagues (Hawkins, Catalano, & Miller, 1992). Predictors identified as predictors of substance use in adolescence, sometimes decreased in strength and in one case reversed direction. Unique predictors in emerging adulthood were also identified. Implications for prevention science during adolescence and emerging adulthood are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.

%B Addict Behav %V 37 %P 747-75 %8 2012 Jul %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.014 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Prev Med %D 2012 %T Risk versus direct protective factors and youth violence: Seattle Social Development Project. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Lee, Jungeun %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Family Relations %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Multivariate Analysis %K Peer Group %K Regression Analysis %K Residence Characteristics %K Risk Factors %K Violence %K Washington %X

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have examined predictors of youth violence associated with the individual child, the family, school, and the surrounding neighborhood or community. However, few studies have examined predictors using a systematic approach to differentiate and compare risk and direct protective factors.

PURPOSE: This study examines risk and protective factors associated with youth violence in an ongoing longitudinal panel study of 808 students from 18 Seattle public elementary schools followed since 1985 when they were in 5th grade. Predictors span the individual, family, school, peer, and neighborhood domains.

METHODS: Data were collected annually, beginning in 1985, to age 16 years, and then again at age 18 years. This paper provides findings of analyses in which continuous predictor variables, measured at ages 10-12 years, were trichotomized to reflect a risk end of the variable, a direct protective end, and a middle category of scores. Youth violence was measured at ages 13-14 years and 15-18 years.

RESULTS: Bivariate analyses of risk and direct protective factors identified the following predictors of violence at ages 13-14 years and 15-18 years. Risk for violence was increased by earlier antisocial behavior (e.g., prior violence, truancy, nonviolent delinquency), attention problems, family conflict, low school commitment, and living in a neighborhood where young people were in trouble. Direct protective factors at ages 10-12 years include a low level of attention problems, low risk-taking, refusal skills, school attachment, and low access and exposure to marijuana at ages 10-12 years. Multivariate regressions showed neighborhood risk factors to be among the most salient and consistent predictors of violence after accounting for all other variables in the tested models.

CONCLUSIONS: Relatively few direct protective factors were identified in these statistical tests, suggesting the need for further review and possible refinement of the measures and methods that were applied. Implications provide important information for programs and policy.

%B Am J Prev Med %V 43 %P S41-56 %8 2012 Aug %G eng %N 2 Suppl 1 %R 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.04.030 %0 Journal Article %J Arch Sex Behav %D 2012 %T Risky sex: interactions among ethnicity, sexual sensation seeking, sexual inhibition, and sexual excitation. %A Nguyen, Hong V %A Koo, Kelly H %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Otto, Jacqueline M %A Hendershot, Christian S %A Schacht, Rebecca L %A George, William H %A Heiman, Julia R %A Norris, Jeanette %K Adult %K African Americans %K Asian Americans %K Condoms %K Ethnic Groups %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Male %K Risk Factors %K Sexual Behavior %K Sexuality %K Sexually Transmitted Diseases %K United States %K Unsafe Sex %X

Rates of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, vary across ethnic minority groups, yet few studies have evaluated sexual risk behaviors and their psychological correlates to determine if risk and protective factors vary by ethnicity. The purpose of the current study was to assess sexual sensation seeking (SSS), sexual inhibition (SIS1 and SIS2), and sexual excitation (SES) as correlates of risky sexual behaviors in 106 (55 male and 51 female) Asian Americans, African Americans, and Caucasian Americans. Results revealed that higher SSS was associated with more vaginal and anal sex partners. Further, the association between SSS and the number of anal sex partners was positive among Asian Americans and Caucasians, but non-significant among African Americans. SIS1 was positively associated with unprotected sex on the first date among Asian Americans and African Americans. However, the association was not significant for Caucasians. SIS2 was negatively associated with general unprotected sex, and SES was positively associated with the number of vaginal sex partners. Findings suggest that ethnicity plays an important moderating role in the relationship between sexual traits and risky sexual behaviors.

%B Arch Sex Behav %V 41 %P 1231-9 %8 2012 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1007/s10508-012-9904-z %0 Journal Article %J Soc Work Res %D 2012 %T The role of educational aspirations and expectations in the discontinuity of intergenerational low-income status between generations %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Hill, Karl G %A Hawkins, J D %X

The present study investigates one potential mechanism mediating continuity and discontinuity in low-income status across generations: children's educational aspirations and expectations. Data are drawn from a community sample of 808 students followed from age 10 into their 30s. Four subgroups of trajectories of children's educational expectations and aspirations were identified from ages 10 to 18: a "stable high" group, a "stable low" group, an "increaser" group, and a "decreaser" group. Among youths from low-income families, those in the stable high educational aspirations and expectations group and the increaser group were equally likely to graduate from high school. High school graduation was positively associated with level of total household income at age 30. Findings suggest that social work efforts that support the development of high educational aspirations and expectations in children may serve to reduce the intergenerational continuity of low-income status.

%B Soc Work Res %V 36 %8 2012 Jun 1 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1093/swr/svs025 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2012 %T Romantic relationship characteristics and alcohol use: longitudinal associations with dual method contraception use. %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Fleming, Charles B %A Catalano, Richard F %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Manhart, Lisa E %K Adult %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Contraception %K Contraception Behavior %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Linear Models %K Male %K Multivariate Analysis %K Sexual Behavior %K Sexually Transmitted Diseases %K Time Factors %K Young Adult %X

PURPOSE: Dual method contraception use, or the use of one type of contraceptive intended to prevent pregnancy combined with another type intended to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infection, may be the most effective method to prevent both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection. This study tested the association between relationship length, relationship type (married, cohabiting, dating but not cohabiting), global alcohol use, and situational alcohol use and the probability of dual method contraception use from 20 to 23 years of age.

METHODS: Hierarchical linear modeling analyses were conducted using longitudinal data from 754 sexually active male and female young adults aged 20-23 years. Dependent variables included both any dual method contraception use and consistent dual method contraception use.

RESULTS: Between 15% and 20% of respondents reported consistent dual method contraception use at each time point. Longer relationship length and more committed relationship type were associated with a lower probability of both any and consistent dual method contraception use. Situational alcohol use (drinking before sex), but not global alcohol use, also was related to a lower probability of both any and consistent dual method contraception use. Increasing age was associated with a lower probability of any dual method contraception use, but was not related to consistent dual method use.

CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to promote dual method contraception among young adults should include messages discouraging drinking before sex and supporting dual method use even in the context of committed relationships.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 50 %P 450-5 %8 2012 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.09.008 %0 Journal Article %J Child Youth Serv Rev %D 2012 %T Social Services for Sexual Minority Youth: Preferences for What, Where, and How Services are Delivered. %A Wells, Elizabeth A %A Asakura, Kenta %A Hoppe, Marilyn J %A Balsam, Kimberly F %A Morrison, Diane M %A Beadnell, Blair %B Child Youth Serv Rev %V 36 %P 312-320 %8 2012 Feb 1 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.11.011 %0 Journal Article %J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %D 2012 %T Suomi satellite brings to light a unique frontier of nighttime environmental sensing capabilities. %A Miller, Steven D %A Mills, Stephen P %A Elvidge, Christopher D %A Lindsey, Daniel T %A Lee, Thomas F %A Hawkins, Jeffrey D %X

Most environmental satellite radiometers use solar reflectance information when it is available during the day but must resort at night to emission signals from infrared bands, which offer poor sensitivity to low-level clouds and surface features. A few sensors can take advantage of moonlight, but the inconsistent availability of the lunar source limits measurement utility. Here we show that the Day/Night Band (DNB) low-light visible sensor on the recently launched Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite has the unique ability to image cloud and surface features by way of reflected airglow, starlight, and zodiacal light illumination. Examples collected during new moon reveal not only meteorological and surface features, but also the direct emission of airglow structures in the mesosphere, including expansive regions of diffuse glow and wave patterns forced by tropospheric convection. The ability to leverage diffuse illumination sources for nocturnal environmental sensing applications extends the advantages of visible-light information to moonless nights.

%B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %V 109 %P 15706-11 %8 2012 Sep 25 %G eng %N 39 %R 10.1073/pnas.1207034109 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2012 %T Sustainability of the Communities That Care prevention system by coalitions participating in the Community Youth Development Study. %A Gloppen, Kari M %A Arthur, Michael W %A Hawkins, J D %A Shapiro, Valerie B %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Health Services %K Community Health Services %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Preventive Health Services %K Program Evaluation %K Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic %K United States %X

PURPOSE: Community prevention coalitions are a common strategy to mobilize stakeholders to implement tested and effective prevention programs to promote adolescent health and well-being. This article examines the sustainability of Communities That Care (CTC) coalitions approximately 20 months after study support for the intervention ended.

METHODS: The Community Youth Development Study is a community-randomized trial of the CTC prevention system. Using data from 2007 and 2009 coalition leader interviews, this study reports changes in coalition activities from a period of study support for CTC (2007) to 20 months following the end of study support for CTC (2009), measured by the extent to which coalitions continued to meet specific benchmarks.

RESULTS: Twenty months after study support for CTC implementation ended, 11 of 12 CTC coalitions in the Community Youth Development Study still existed. The 11 remaining coalitions continued to report significantly higher scores on the benchmarks of phases 2 through 5 of the CTC system than did prevention coalitions in the control communities. At the 20-month follow-up, two-thirds of the CTC coalitions reported having a paid staff person.

CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the CTC coalitions maintained a relatively high level of implementation fidelity to the CTC system 20 months after the study support for the intervention ended. However, the downward trend in some of the measured benchmarks indicates that continued high-quality training and technical assistance may be important to ensure that CTC coalitions maintain a science-based approach to prevention, and continue to achieve public health impacts on adolescent health and behavior outcomes.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 51 %P 259-64 %8 2012 Sep %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.018 %0 Journal Article %J Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med %D 2012 %T Sustained decreases in risk exposure and youth problem behaviors after installation of the Communities That Care prevention system in a randomized trial. %A Hawkins, J D %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Brown, Eric C %A Monahan, Kathryn C %A Abbott, Robert D %A Arthur, Michael W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adolescent Health Services %K Child %K Community Health Services %K Humans %K Incidence %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Multivariate Analysis %K Outcome Assessment (Health Care) %K Prevalence %K Risk Reduction Behavior %K Smoking %K Substance-Related Disorders %K United States %K Violence %X

OBJECTIVE: To test whether the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system reduced levels of risk and adolescent problem behaviors community-wide 6 years after installation of CTC and 1 year after study-provided resources ended.

DESIGN: A community randomized trial.

SETTING: Twenty-four small towns in 7 states, matched within state, randomly assigned to control or intervention condition in 2003.

PARTICIPANTS: A panel of 4407 fifth-grade students was surveyed annually through 10th grade from 2004 to 2009.

INTERVENTION: A coalition of community stakeholders received training and technical assistance to install CTC, used epidemiologic data to identify elevated risk factors and depressed protective factors in the community, and implemented programs to address their community's elevated risks from a menu of tested and effective programs for youths aged 10 to 14 years, their families, and schools.

OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of risk and incidence and prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use; delinquency; and violent behavior by grade 10.

RESULTS: Mean levels of targeted risks increased less rapidly between grades 5 and 10 in CTC than in control communities and were significantly lower in CTC than control communities in grade 10. The incidence of delinquent behavior, alcohol use, and cigarette use and the prevalence of current cigarette use and past-year delinquent and violent behavior were significantly lower in CTC than in control communities in grade 10.

CONCLUSIONS: Using the CTC system can produce enduring reductions in community-wide levels of risk factors and problem behaviors among adolescents beyond the years of supported implementation, potentially contributing to long-term public health benefits.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01088542.

%B Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med %V 166 %P 141-8 %8 2012 Feb %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.183 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Community Psychol %D 2012 %T Sustaining the utilization and high quality implementation of tested and effective prevention programs using the Communities That Care prevention system. %A Fagan, Abigail A %A Hanson, Koren %A Briney, John S %A Hawkins, J D %K Community Networks %K Health Care Surveys %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Models, Organizational %K Preventive Medicine %K Quality of Health Care %K United States %X

This paper describes the extent to which communities implementing the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system adopt, replicate with fidelity, and sustain programs shown to be effective in reducing adolescent drug use, delinquency, and other problem behaviors. Data were collected from directors of community-based agencies and coalitions, school principals, service providers, and teachers, all of whom participated in a randomized, controlled evaluation of CTC in 24 communities. The results indicated significantly increased use and sustainability of tested, effective prevention programs in the 12 CTC intervention communities compared to the 12 control communities, during the active phase of the research project when training, technical assistance, and funding were provided to intervention sites, and 2 years following provision of such resources. At both time points, intervention communities also delivered prevention services to a significantly greater number of children and parents. The quality of implementation was high in both conditions, with only one significant difference: CTC sites were significantly more likely than control sites to monitor the quality of implementation during the sustainability phase of the project.

%B Am J Community Psychol %V 49 %P 365-77 %8 2012 Jun %G eng %N 3-4 %R 10.1007/s10464-011-9463-9 %0 Journal Article %J Dev Psychopathol %D 2011 %T Allostasis model facilitates understanding race differences in the diurnal cortisol rhythm. %A Skinner, Martie L %A Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Coe, Christopher L %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K African Continental Ancestry Group %K Allostasis %K Circadian Rhythm %K Continental Population Groups %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Humans %K Hydrocortisone %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Saliva %K Sex Factors %K Stress, Psychological %K Young Adult %X

The concept of allostasis suggests that greater cumulative stress burden can influence stress-responsive physiology. Dysregulation of allostatic mediators, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is thought to precede many other signs of age-related pathology as the persistent burden of stressors accumulates over the individual's life span. We predicted that even in young adulthood, HPA regulation would differ between Blacks and Whites, reflecting, in part, higher rates of stressor exposure and greater potential for stressors to "get under the skin." We examined whether stressor exposure, including experiences with racism and discrimination, explained race differences in waking cortisol and the diurnal rhythm. We also examined whether HPA functioning was associated with mental health outcomes previously linked to cortisol. Salivary cortisol was assayed in 275 young adults (127 Blacks, 148 Whites, 19 to 22 years old), four times a day across 3 days. Hierarchical linear models revealed flatter slopes for Blacks, reflecting significantly lower waking and higher bedtime cortisol levels compared to Whites. Associations of HPA functioning with stressors were typically more robust for Whites such that more stress exposure created an HPA profile that resembled that of Black young adults. For Blacks, greater stressor exposure did not further impact HPA functioning, or, when significant, was often associated with higher cortisol levels. Across both races, flatter slopes generally indicated greater HPA dysregulation and were associated with poor mental health outcomes. These differential effects were more robust for Whites. These findings support an allostatic model in which social contextual factors influence normal biorhythms, even as early as young adulthood.

%B Dev Psychopathol %V 23 %P 1167-86 %8 2011 Nov %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1017/S095457941100054X %0 Journal Article %J Arch Sex Behav %D 2011 %T Associations between changing developmental contexts and risky sexual behavior in the two years following high school. %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A White, Helene R %A Catalano, Richard F %K Attitude to Health %K Comorbidity %K Condoms %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Partners %K Sexually Transmitted Diseases %K Social Environment %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Unsafe Sex %K Young Adult %X

The present study tested associations between common developmental contexts (relationship involvement, independent living, college attendance, work) and risky sexual behavior (casual sex, inconsistent condom use, high-risk sex) across the 2 years following high school. Data were drawn from the Raising Healthy Children project, and included 801 participants aged 18-21 years. Longitudinal analyses, which controlled for early sexual debut, high school substance use, and high school grades, showed that living with a parent was protective against all three sexual risk behavior outcomes (ORs about 0.70). Being in a romantic relationship was associated with a lower probability of casual sex, but a higher probability of inconsistent condom use. Attending college was associated with a lower probability of high-risk sex (OR = 0.67). Working was not related to the sexual risk behaviors examined. Levels of sexual risk behavior showed little change across the 2 years following high school. Findings from this study suggest that developmental context may affect young adults' engagement in risky sexual behavior. Programs aimed at promoting sexual health and reducing risk behaviors for STIs among young adults should consider targeting those in romantic relationships, those not living with parents, and those not attending college. Further, to develop effective prevention programs for these targeted youth, it is critical that we understand the mechanisms leading to risky sex in these groups.

%B Arch Sex Behav %V 40 %P 951-60 %8 2011 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1007/s10508-010-9633-0 %0 Journal Article %J AIDS Patient Care STDS %D 2011 %T Buffering effects of general and medication-specific social support on the association between substance use and HIV medication adherence. %A Lehavot, Keren %A Huh, David %A Walters, Karina L %A King, Kevin M %A Andrasik, Michele P %A Simoni, Jane M %K Adult %K Anti-HIV Agents %K Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active %K Female %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Patient Compliance %K Social Support %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

The success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among persons living with HIV is largely dependent on strict medication adherence. Recent research suggests that alcohol and other drug use (AOD) may be an important barrier to HAART adherence. In this study, we examined the impact of AOD on HAART adherence as well as the moderating effects of general and medication-specific social support. The data were collected as part of a longitudinal randomized control trial with 224 HIV-positive patients at an HIV primary care clinic in the northwestern United States. Findings indicated that AOD use was negatively associated with HAART adherence and that medication-specific (but not general) social support moderated the AOD-adherence association at 3 (but not at 6 or 9) months. Results indicate the importance of medication-specific social support to treat comorbid AOD use and HIV; implications for future research and intervention programs for HIV-positive AOD users are discussed.

%B AIDS Patient Care STDS %V 25 %P 181-9 %8 2011 Mar %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1089/apc.2010.0314 %0 Journal Article %J Crim Behav Ment Health %D 2011 %T Bullying at elementary school and problem behaviour in young adulthood: a study of bullying, violence and substance use from age 11 to age 21. %A Kim, Min J %A Catalano, Richard F %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Abbott, Robert D %K Adolescent %K Alcoholism %K Bullying %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Marijuana Abuse %K Regression Analysis %K Schools %K Students %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Violence %K Young Adult %X

AIM: The main aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent self-reported bullying at Grade 5 predicts later violence, heavy drinking and marijuana use at age 21.

METHOD: Univariate and multivariate associations between bullying and later outcomes were examined based on a longitudinal community sample of 957 young people from the Raising Healthy Children project.

RESULTS: Childhood bullying was significantly associated with violence, heavy drinking and marijuana use at age 21. These associations held up after controlling for prior risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS: Childhood bullying had unique associations with risk of later violence and substance use among young adults. Early intervention to prevent childhood bullying may also reduce other adverse outcomes later in life.

%B Crim Behav Ment Health %V 21 %P 136-44 %8 2011 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1002/cbm.804 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2011 %T Commentary on Valentine, Jeffrey, et al.: Replication in prevention science. The Advisory Board of Blueprints for Violence Prevention. %A Aos, Steve %A Cook, Thomas D %A Elliott, Delbert S %A Gottfredson, Denise C %A Hawkins, J D %A Lipsey, Mark W %A Tolan, Patrick %K Preventive Health Services %K Reproducibility of Results %B Prev Sci %V 12 %P 121-2; discussion 123-5 %8 2011 Jun %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s11121-011-0219-4 %0 Journal Article %J Health & Place %D 2011 %T Drug use and risk among youth in different rural contexts. %A Rhew, Isaac C %A Hawkins, J D %A Oesterle, Sabrina %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Child %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Risk Assessment %K Rural Population %K Substance-Related Disorders %K United States %K Urban Population %X

This study compared levels of drug use and risk and protective factors among 18,767 adolescent youths from communities of less than 50,000 in population living either on farms, in the country but not on farms, or in towns. Current alcohol use, smokeless tobacco use, inhalant use, and other illicit drug use were more prevalent among high school-aged youths living on farms than among those living in towns. Prevalence of drug use did not significantly vary across youths living in different residential contexts among middle school youths. While risk and protective factors showed associations of similar magnitude with drug use across residential location, high school students living on farms were exposed to greater numbers of risk factors across multiple domains than were students living in towns. The findings suggest that outreach to farm-dwelling youths may be particularly important for interventions seeking to prevent adolescent drug use in rural settings.

%B Health & Place %V 17 %P 775-83 %8 2011 May %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.02.003 %0 Journal Article %J Psychol Addict Behav %D 2011 %T Early age alcohol use and later alcohol problems in adolescents: Individual and peer mediators in a bi-national study. %A Mason, W A %A Toumbourou, John W %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Catalano, Richard F %A Patton, George C %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Age of Onset %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcohol-Related Disorders %K Cross-Cultural Comparison %K Female %K Humans %K Impulsive Behavior %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Models, Statistical %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Risk-Taking %K Social Control, Informal %K Students %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Victoria %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

This paper examines whether there is cross-national similarity in the longitudinal relationship between early age alcohol use and adolescent alcohol problems. Potential mechanisms underlying this relationship also are examined, testing adolescent alcohol use, low self-regulation, and peer deviance as possible mediators. Students (N = 1,945) participating in the International Youth Development Study, a longitudinal panel survey study, responded to questions on alcohol use and influencing factors, and were followed annually over a 3-year period from 2002 to 2004 (98% retention rate). State-representative, community student samples were recruited in grade 7 in Washington State, United States (US, n = 961, 78% of those eligible; Mage = 13.09, SD = .44) and Victoria, Australia (n = 984, 76% of those eligible; Mage = 12.93, SD = .41). Analyses were conducted using multiple-group structural equation modeling. In both states, early age alcohol use (age 13) had a small but statistically significant association with subsequent alcohol problems (age 15). Overall, there was little evidence for mediation of early alcohol effects. Low self-regulation prospectively predicted peer deviance, alcohol use, and alcohol problems in both states. Peer deviance was more positively related to alcohol use and low self-regulation among students in Victoria compared to students in Washington State. The small but persistent association of early age alcohol use with alcohol problems across both samples is consistent with efforts to delay alcohol initiation to help prevent problematic alcohol use. Self-regulation was an important influence, supporting the need to further investigate the developmental contribution of neurobehavioral disinhibition.

%B Psychol Addict Behav %V 25 %P 625-33 %8 2011 Dec %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1037/a0023320 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2011 %T Effects of Communities That Care on the adoption and implementation fidelity of evidence-based prevention programs in communities: Results from a randomized controlled trial. %A Fagan, Abigail A %A Arthur, Michael W %A Hanson, Koren %A Briney, John S %A Hawkins, J D %K Community Health Services %K Diffusion of Innovation %K Evidence-Based Practice %K Internet %K Preventive Health Services %X

This paper describes findings from the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a randomized controlled trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system, on the adoption and implementation fidelity of science-based prevention programming in 24 communities. Data were collected using the Community Resource Documentation (CRD), which entailed a multi-tiered sampling process and phone and web-based surveys with directors of community-based agencies and coalitions, school principals, service providers, and teachers. Four years after the initiation of the CTC prevention system, the results indicated increased use of tested, effective prevention programs in the 12 CTC intervention communities compared to the 12 control communities, and significant differences favoring the intervention communities in the numbers of children and families participating in these programs. Few significant differences were found regarding implementation quality; respondents from both intervention and control communities reported high rates of implementation fidelity across the services provided.

%B Prev Sci %V 12 %P 223-34 %8 2011 Sep %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1007/s11121-011-0226-5 %0 Journal Article %J Alcohol Res Health %D 2011 %T Engaging communities to prevent underage drinking. %A Fagan, Abigail A %A Hawkins, J D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Health Promotion %K Humans %K Residence Characteristics %K Risk Factors %X

Community-based efforts offer broad potential for achieving population-level reductions in alcohol misuse among youth and young adults. A common feature of successful community strategies is reliance on local coalitions to select and fully implement preventive interventions that have been shown to be effective in changing factors that influence risk of youth engaging in alcohol use, including both proximal influences and structural and/or environmental factors related to alcohol use. Inclusion of a universal, school-based prevention curriculum in the larger community-based effort is associated with the reduction of alcohol use by youth younger than 18 years of age and can help reach large numbers of youth with effective alcohol misuse prevention.

%B Alcohol Res Health %V 34 %P 167-74 %8 2011 %G eng %N 2 %R SPS-AR&H-35 %0 Journal Article %J Rev Relig Res %D 2011 %T Ethnic and gender variation in religious involvement: Patterns of expression in young adulthood %A Jones, Janine M %A St Peter, Josie R %A Fernandes, Sherira J %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Kosterman, Rick %A Hawkins, J D %X

This study used latent class analysis to empirically derive profiles of religious involvement among a sample of 808 young adults and describe ethnic and gender differences within such religious involvement patterns. Items on the Duke Religion Index were included as part of a larger longitudinal survey of emotional, physical, and behavioral health. The scale measured the organizational, nonorganizational, and intrinsic dimensions of religiosity (Koenig et al. 2001) in a sample of young adults at two waves of the study-age 27 and age 30. At age 27, five religious profiles were distinguishable in the sample while at age 30 six profiles emerged. Ethnic differences were found for each of the religious profiles where religious involvement manifested in different ways. Religious profiles between ages 27 and 30 changed over time and were affected by gender and ethnicity.

%B Rev Relig Res %V 53 %P 207-225 %8 2011 Nov %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s13644-011-0006-5 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2011 %T An examination of the validity of retrospective measures of suicide attempts in youth. %A Mazza, James J %A Catalano, Richard F %A Abbott, Robert D %A Haggerty, Kevin P %K Adolescent %K Anxiety %K Attitude to Health %K Child %K Comorbidity %K Depression %K Female %K Humans %K Impulsive Behavior %K Interpersonal Relations %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Peer Group %K Retrospective Studies %K Risk Factors %K Risk-Taking %K Self Concept %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Suicide, Attempted %K United States %K Young Adult %X

PURPOSE: This study used prospective data to investigate the validity of a retrospective measure of suicide attempts from four different perspectives.

METHODS: Data were retrieved from 883 participants in the Raising Healthy Children project, a longitudinal study of youth recruited from a Pacific Northwest school district. The retrospective measure was collected when participants were 18-19 years of age and results were compared with measures of depressive symptoms collected prospectively.

RESULTS: Results showed strong corroboration between retrospective reports of first suicide attempt and prospective measures of depression, with attempters experiencing significantly more depression than their nonattempting peers, t (df = 853) = 10.26, p < .001. In addition, within the attempter group, depression scores during the year of their reported first attempt were significantly higher than the average depression score across previous years, t (df = 67) = 3.01, p < .01.

CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study suggest that the reports of older adolescents regarding their suicide attempts are corroborated by their prospective reports of depression in childhood and earlier adolescence. Thus, there is support that retrospective measures of suicidal behavior, namely suicide attempts, may be a valid method of assessment.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 49 %P 532-7 %8 2011 Nov %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.04.009 %0 Journal Article %J Addiction %D 2011 %T Gender differences in the impact of families on alcohol use: a lagged longitudinal study of early adolescents. %A Kelly, Adrian B %A O'Flaherty, Martin %A Toumbourou, John W %A Connor, Jason P %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Child %K Family Relations %K Female %K Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Models, Statistical %K Parents %K Peer Group %K Sex Factors %K Victoria %X

AIMS: From the pre-teen to the mid-teen years, rates of alcohol use and misuse increase rapidly. Cross-sectional research shows that positive family emotional climate (low conflict, high closeness) is protective, and there is emerging evidence that these protective mechanisms are different for girls versus boys. The aim of this study was to explore gender differences in the longitudinal impact of family emotional climate on adolescent alcohol use and exposure to peer drinking networks.

DESIGN: Three-wave two-level (individual, within-individual over time) ordinal logistic regression with alcohol use in the past year as the dependent measure and family variables lagged by 1 year.

SETTING: Adolescents completed surveys during school hours.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 855 Australian students (modal age 10-11 years at baseline) participating in the International Youth Development Study (Victoria, Australia).

MEASUREMENTS: These included emotional closeness to mother/father, family conflict, parent disapproval of alcohol use and peer alcohol use.

FINDINGS: For girls, the effect of emotional closeness to mothers on alcohol use was mediated by exposure to high-risk peer networks. Parent disapproval of alcohol use was protective for both genders, but this effect was larger for boys versus girls, and there was no evidence that peer use mediated this effect. Peer drinking networks showed stronger direct risk effects than family variables.

CONCLUSIONS: Family factors unidirectionally impact on growth in adolescent alcohol use and effects vary with child gender.

%B Addiction %V 106 %P 1427-36 %8 2011 Aug %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03435.x %0 Journal Article %J Youth Violence Juv Justice %D 2011 %T How do families matter? Age and gender differences in family influences on delinquency and drug use %A Fagan, Abigail A %A Van Horn, M l %A Antaramian, Susan %A Hawkins, J D %X

Parenting practices, age, and gender all influence adolescent delinquency and drug use, but few studies have examined how these factors interact to affect offending. Using data from 18,512 students in Grades 6, 8, 10 and 12, this study found that across grades, parents treated girls and boys differently, but neither sex received preferential treatment for all practices assessed, and younger children reported more positive parenting than older students. Family factors were significantly related to delinquency and drug use for both sexes and for all grades. However, particular parenting practices showed gender and age differences in the degree to which they were related to outcomes, which indicates complexities in parent/child interactions that must be taken into account when investigating the causes of adolescent offending and when planning strategies to prevent the development of problem behaviors.

%B Youth Violence Juv Justice %V 9 %P 150-170 %8 2011 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1177/1541204010377748 %0 Journal Article %J Vaccine %D 2011 %T HPV vaccination among a community sample of young adult women. %A Manhart, Lisa E %A Burgess-Hull, Albert J %A Fleming, Charles B %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Demography %K Educational Status %K Female %K Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Papillomavirus Infections %K Papillomavirus Vaccines %K Patient Acceptance of Health Care %K Smoking %K United States %K Vaccination %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVES: Despite the high efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, uptake has been slow and little data on psychosocial barriers to vaccination exist.

METHODS: A community sample of 428 women enrolled in a longitudinal study of social development in the Seattle WA metropolitan area were interviewed about HPV vaccine status, attitudes, and barriers to HPV vaccination in spring 2008 or 2009 at ∼age 22.

RESULTS: Nineteen percent of women had initiated vaccination, 10% had completed the series, and ∼40% of unvaccinated women intended to get vaccinated. Peer approval was associated with vaccine initiation (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.4-3.2) and intention to vaccinate (APR 1.4; 1.1-1.9). Belief the vaccine is <75% effective was associated with less initiation (APR 0.6; 0.4-0.9) or intention to vaccinate (APR 0.5; 0.4-0.7). Vaccine initiation was also less likely among cigarette smokers and illegal drug users, whereas intention to vaccinate was more common among women currently attending school or with >5 lifetime sex partners, but less common among women perceiving low susceptibility to HPV (APR 0.6; 0.5-0.9).

CONCLUSIONS: HPV vaccination uptake was low in this community sample of young adult women. Increasing awareness of susceptibility to HPV and the high efficacy of the vaccine, along with peer interventions to increase acceptability, may be most effective.

%B Vaccine %V 29 %P 5238-44 %8 2011 Jul 18 %G eng %N 32 %R 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.024 %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2011 %T Influence of family factors and supervised alcohol use on adolescent alcohol use and harms: similarities between youth in different alcohol policy contexts. %A McMorris, Barbara J %A Catalano, Richard F %A Kim, Min J %A Toumbourou, John W %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Family Characteristics %K Female %K Harm Reduction %K Health Policy %K Humans %K Male %K Parent-Child Relations %K Parenting %K Risk Factors %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Victoria %K Washington %X

OBJECTIVE: Harm-minimization policies suggest that alcohol use is a part of normal adolescent development and that parents should supervise their children's use to encourage responsible drinking. Zero-tolerance policies suggest that all underage alcohol use should be discouraged. This article compared hypotheses derived from harm-minimization and zero-tolerance policies regarding the influence of family context and supervised drinking on adolescent alcohol use and related harms among adolescents in Washington State, USA, and Victoria, Australia, two states that have respectively adopted zero-tolerance and harm-minimization policies.

METHOD: Representative samples of seventh-grade students (N = 1,945; 989 females) were recruited from schools in each state. Students completed comprehensive questionnaires on alcohol use, related problem behaviors, and risk and protective factors annually from 2002 to 2004 when they were in ninth grade.

RESULTS: Relationships between family context and alcohol use and harmful use were very similar in both states. Adult-supervised settings for alcohol use were associated with higher levels of harmful alcohol consequences. Adult-supervised alcohol use mediated the links between favorable parental attitudes to alcohol use and ninth-grade alcohol use for students in both states.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite policy differences in the two states, relationships between family context variables and alcohol use and harmful use are remarkably similar. Adult-supervised settings for alcohol use resulted in higher levels of harmful alcohol consequences, contrary to predictions derived from harm-minimization policy. Findings challenge the harm-minimization position that supervised alcohol use or early-age alcohol use will reduce the development of adolescent alcohol problems.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 72 %P 418-28 %8 2011 May %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J J Interpers Violence %D 2011 %T Intimate partner survivors' help-seeking and protection efforts: a person-oriented analysis. %A Nurius, Paula S %A Macy, Rebecca J %A Nwabuzor, Ijeoma %A Holt, Victoria L %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Aged %K Analysis of Variance %K Battered Women %K Cohort Studies %K Depression %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Patient Acceptance of Health Care %K Sexual Partners %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Spouse Abuse %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Survivors %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

Domestic violence advocates and researchers advocate for a survivor-centered approach for assisting women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), with individualized safety plans and services; yet little empirical work has been done to determine IPV survivors' specific combinations of vulnerabilities and assets that might inform such an approach. Using latent profile analysis of a cohort of 448 survivors, five distinct subgroups were previously identified in terms of biopsychosocial asset and vulnerability profiles. The purpose of the current study was to apply person-oriented methodology for survivor-centered investigation of differences in help-seeking and protective actions according to subgroup membership within this cohort. Though not differing demographically, the subgroups were found to differ significantly and meaningfully in their patterns of IPV help-seeking and protective actions. Thus, reliance on population-aggregate linear relationships between IPV exposure and safety efforts may risk overlooking important variation by vulnerability and asset profile, and knowledge of distinct clusters among functioning profiles may help with understanding of survivors' coping strategies.The authors outline service-need considerations across the subgroups and provide guidance for targeted outreach, locating IPV survivors and matching services to their needs.

%B J Interpers Violence %V 26 %P 539-66 %8 2011 Feb %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/0886260510363422 %0 Journal Article %J Crim Behav Ment Health %D 2011 %T Longitudinal consequences of adolescent bullying perpetration and victimisation: A study of students in Victoria, Australia. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Kotevski, Aneta %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Bond, Lyndal %A Kim, Min J %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Bullying %K Crime Victims %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Longitudinal Studies %K Peer Group %K Schools %K Social Environment %K Students %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Victoria %X

AIMS: To examine the associations between self-reported bullying perpetration and victimisation in Years 7 and 10 and a range of psychosocial outcomes in Year 11.

METHOD: This analysis draws on data from the International Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study of 5769 students from Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States who were recruited through schools in Years 5, 7 and 9 in 2002. Data for the current results are taken from participants in the youngest (Year 5) Victorian cohort of the study.

RESULTS: Rates of bullying victimisation exceeded 30% and up to one in five students had engaged in bullying. Adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that bullying perpetration, and bullying victimisation in Year 7 did not significantly predict psychosocial outcomes in Year 11. Bullying perpetration in Year 10 was associated with an increased likelihood of theft, violent behaviour and binge drinking. Year 10 bullying victimisation was associated with an increased likelihood of Year 11 depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS: Prevention approaches that target bullying perpetration and victimisation are necessary. Programmes that lessen bullying may also have an impact on other proximally related behaviours, including binge drinking and depression.

%B Crim Behav Ment Health %V 21 %P 107-16 %8 2011 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1002/cbm.802 %0 Journal Article %J J Interpers Violence %D 2011 %T Longitudinal study on the effects of child abuse and children's exposure to domestic violence, parent-child attachments, and antisocial behavior in adolescence. %A Sousa, Cindy %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Moylan, Carrie A %A Tajima, Emiko A %A Klika, J B %A Herrenkohl, Roy C %A Russo, M J %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Aggression %K Antisocial Personality Disorder %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Domestic Violence %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Longitudinal Studies %K Object Attachment %K Parent-Child Relations %K Social Conformity %X

This study examined the unique and combined effects of child abuse and children's exposure to domestic violence on later attachment to parents and antisocial behavior during adolescence. Analyses also investigated whether the interaction of exposure and low attachment predicted youth outcomes. Findings suggest that, although youth dually exposed to abuse and domestic violence were less attached to parents in adolescence than those who were not exposed, for those who were abused only and those who were exposed only to domestic violence, the relationship between exposure types and youth outcomes did not differ by level of attachment to parents. However, stronger bonds of attachment to parents in adolescence did appear to predict a lower risk of antisocial behavior independent of exposure status. Preventing child abuse and children's exposure to domestic violence could lessen the risk of antisocial behavior during adolescence, as could strengthening parent-child attachments in adolescence. However, strengthening attachments between parents and children after exposure may not be sufficient to counter the negative impact of earlier violence trauma in children.

%B J Interpers Violence %V 26 %P 111-36 %8 2011 Jan %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1177/0886260510362883 %0 Journal Article %J J Ethn Subst Abuse %D 2011 %T Malt liquor marketing in inner cities: the role of neighborhood racial composition. %A McKee, Pat %A Jones-Webb, Rhonda %A Hannan, Peter %A Pham, Lan %K Advertising as Topic %K African Americans %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcoholism %K Beer %K Cities %K Edible Grain %K Humans %K Marketing %K Residence Characteristics %K Risk-Taking %K Social Environment %K Urban Population %X

In response to anecdotal reports that African American neighborhoods are targeted for high-alcohol malt liquor advertising, the authors observed alcohol ads on off-premise alcohol outlets, billboards, and transit structures in 10 U.S. cities over 3 years. Malt liquor ads were prevalent on storefronts, but rare on billboards. Using Poisson regression, the authors found that storefront malt liquor ads were more common in neighborhoods with higher percentages of African Americans, even after controlling for social and physical disorder. Results suggest that policymakers attempting to reduce malt liquor-related harms may do well to consider regulations that limit storefront advertising exposure.

%B J Ethn Subst Abuse %V 10 %P 24-38 %8 2011 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1080/15332640.2011.547793 %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2011 %T Men's and women's pathways to adulthood and associated substance misuse. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hawkins, J D %A Hill, Karl G %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adolescent Development %K Adult %K Educational Status %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Parenting %K Prospective Studies %K Risk Factors %K Sex Factors %K Single Person %K Smoking %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Urban Health %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: Social role transitions have been linked to changes in substance use and misuse during young adulthood. This study examined how commonly observed pathways to adulthood, defined by education, employment, marriage, and parenthood, were associated with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana misuse from ages 18 to 33.

METHOD: Data came from a longitudinal panel of 412 men and 396 women recruited when they were in fifth grade in Seattle public schools in 1985. Participants were followed through age 33 in 2008, with 92% retention.

RESULTS: Young adults who had little postsecondary education and remained unmarried through age 30 generally had the highest rates of substance misuse. Those who were involved in postsecondary education and postponed family formation had the lowest rates, particularly with respect to daily smoking and nicotine dependence. Parenting during the young adult years was associated with lower rates of substance misuse for both men and women. However, taking on parenting responsibilities early, during the late teen years and early 20s (observed mostly for women), was associated with higher rates of tobacco misuse. Differences in substance misuse by pathways to adulthood were fairly constant across the young adulthood years and were already observed at age 18, suggesting that substance misuse patterns are established early.

CONCLUSIONS: Young adults may change their substance use only partially in response to new freedoms and responsibilities in young adulthood. Preventive efforts should include a focus on early initiation of substance use and educational experiences that move people into life trajectories and associated substance misuse patterns.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 72 %P 763-73 %8 2011 Sep %G eng %N 5 %0 Journal Article %J J Res Adolesc %D 2011 %T Moderating the Effects of Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: The Roles of Parenting Characteristics and Adolescent Peer Support. %A Tajima, Emiko A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Moylan, Carrie A %A Derr, Amelia S %X

We investigate parenting characteristics and adolescent peer support as potential moderators of the effects of childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on adolescent outcomes. Lehigh Longitudinal Study (N=416) data include parent and adolescent reports of childhood IPV exposure. Exposure to IPV predicted nearly all adverse outcomes examined, however after accounting for co-occurring child abuse and early child behavior problems, IPV predicted only one outcome. Several moderator effects were identified. Parental "acceptance" of the child moderated the effects of IPV exposure on the likelihood of teenage pregnancy and running away from home. Both peer communication and peer trust moderated the relationship between exposure to IPV and depression and running from home. Peer communication also moderated the effects of IPV exposure on high school dropout. Interventions that influence parenting practices and strengthen peer support for youth exposed to IPV may increase protection and decrease risk of several tested outcomes.

%B J Res Adolesc %V 21 %P 376-394 %8 2011 Jun %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00676.x %0 Journal Article %J J Youth Stud %D 2011 %T Multi-Domain Risk and Protective Factor Predictors of Violent Behavior among At-risk Youth. %A Logan-Greene, Patricia %A Nurius, Paula S %A Herting, Jerald R %A Hooven, Carole L %A Walsh, Elaine %A Thompson, Elaine Adams %X

This study extends prior examination of adolescent violence etiology, drawing on an ethnically diverse, community accessed, yet emotionally vulnerable sample (N = 849) of adolescents at-risk for school drop-out. A balanced risk and protective factor framework captured theorized dimensions of strain, coping, and support resources. We tested the combined and unique contribution of risk and protective components spanning individual, peer/school, and family predictor domains, including victimization histories. Hierarchical regressions yielded significant overall explanation of violent behaviors as well as unique predictors within each of the three domains. Tests for sex differences and moderating effects suggested that levels of risk and protective factors differed for males and females, although the functional relationships to violence were the same for both sexes. Results are discussed relative to prevention and early intervention programs; particularly the importance of understanding adolescent violent behaviors within a context that addresses stress and distress.

%B J Youth Stud %V 14 %P 413-429 %8 2011 Jun %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1080/13676261.2010.538044 %0 Journal Article %J Addict Behav %D 2011 %T Is nonmedical prescription opiate use a unique form of illicit drug use? %A Catalano, Richard F %A White, Helene R %A Fleming, Charles B %A Haggerty, Kevin P %K Adolescent %K Analgesics, Opioid %K Drug Prescriptions %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Northwestern United States %K Risk Factors %K Self Medication %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

Nonmedical prescription opiate (NMPO) use is of great concern because of its high addiction potential, cognitive impairment effects, and other adverse consequences (e.g., hormonal and immune system effects, hyperalgesia and overdose). Due to the combination of drugs used by those who are NMPO users, it is difficult to isolate the negative effects of NMPO use from the effects of other legal and illicit drugs. Based on a stage model of substance use, this study tested whether NMPO use represents a unique form of illicit drug use among emerging adults and whether there are unique consequences of early NMPO use. We used longitudinal data from 912 emerging adults from the Raising Healthy Children study who were interviewed at least annually from the first or second grade through age 21. The findings indicated that almost all NMPO users have also used marijuana and a large majority has also used other drugs, such as cocaine and ecstasy. In addition, more frequent users of NMPOs are also more frequent users of other drugs. Except for violent behavior, NMPO use explained little unique variance in negative outcomes of use (e.g., drug use disorder, mood disorder, nonproductive behavior, poor health, and property crime) beyond that explained by other illicit drug use. Future studies examining the predictors or consequences of NMPO use and nonmedical use of other prescription drugs need to consider use within the context of other drug use.

%B Addict Behav %V 36 %P 79-86 %8 2011 Jan-Feb %G eng %N 1-2 %R 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.028 %0 Journal Article %J Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol %D 2011 %T Observed parenting behavior with teens: measurement invariance and predictive validity across race. %A Skinner, Martie L %A MacKenzie, Elizabeth P %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Hill, Karl G %A Roberson, Kendra C %K Adolescent %K Adult %K African Americans %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Humans %K Parent-Child Relations %K Parenting %K Parents %K Reproducibility of Results %K Socioeconomic Factors %X

Previous reports supporting measurement equality between European American and African American families have often focused on self-reported risk factors or observed parent behavior with young children. This study examines equality of measurement of observer ratings of parenting behavior with adolescents during structured tasks; mean levels of observed parenting; and predictive validity of teen self-reports of antisocial behaviors and beliefs using a sample of 163 African American and 168 European American families. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses supported measurement invariance across ethnic groups for four measures of observed parenting behavior: prosocial rewards, psychological costs, antisocial rewards, and problem solving. Some mean-level differences were found: African American parents exhibited lower levels of prosocial rewards, higher levels of psychological costs, and lower problem solving when compared to European Americans. No significant mean difference was found in rewards for antisocial behavior. Multigroup structural equation models suggested comparable relationships across race (predictive validity) between parenting constructs and youth antisocial constructs (i.e., drug initiation, positive drug attitudes, antisocial attitudes, problem behaviors) in all but one of the tested relationships. This study adds to existing evidence that family-based interventions targeting parenting behaviors can be generalized to African American families.

%B Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol %V 17 %P 252-60 %8 2011 Jul %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1037/a0024730 %0 Journal Article %J J Addict Dis %D 2011 %T Opiate-addicted parents in methadone treatment: long-term recovery, health, and family relationships. %A Skinner, Martie L %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Fleming, Charles B %A Catalano, Richard F %A Gainey, Randy R %K Family Relations %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Health Status %K Humans %K Male %K Mental Disorders %K Methadone %K Middle Aged %K Opiate Substitution Treatment %K Opioid-Related Disorders %K Parenting %K Psychotherapy, Group %K Risk Factors %X

Few studies follow the lives of opiate-addicted parents. The authors examined a 12-year follow-up of 144 parents in methadone treatment and their 3- to 14-year-old children. Parent mortality was high. Among survivors, drug use and treatment, incarceration, residential and family disruptions, and health problems were common. Moderate and long-term recovery were associated with consistent methadone treatment, further education, employment, and fewer relationship disruptions. Earlier depression, deviant friends, and poor coping skills predicted continued drug problems. Thus, interventions should include treatment for depression and build skills for avoiding and refusing drugs, coping with stress, and maintaining recovery-supportive friendships.

%B J Addict Dis %V 30 %P 17-26 %8 2011 Jan %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1080/10550887.2010.531670 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2011 %T Positive childhood experiences and positive adult functioning: Prosocial continuity and the role of adolescent substance use. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Mason, W A %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Hawkins, J D %A Spoth, Richard %A Redmond, Cleve %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Development %K Adult %K Child %K Efficiency %K Exercise %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Male %K Parent-Child Relations %K Parenting %K Rural Population %K Social Responsibility %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

PURPOSE: To examine positive childhood experiences as predictors of positive adult functioning, including civic involvement, productivity and responsibility, interpersonal connection, and physical exercise; and to examine adolescent substance use as a mediator of prosocial continuity.

METHODS: A total of 429 rural participants were interviewed across seven waves from age 11 to 22 years. Structural equation models examined the relationship between positive childhood experiences and adult functioning, with adolescent substance use added to each model as a possible mediating mechanism.

RESULTS: Positive childhood experiences predicted significantly better adult functioning for each model, even after accounting for adolescent substance use. Positive childhood experiences also consistently predicted significantly less adolescent substance use. In turn, adolescent substance use predicted significantly less civic involvement and less productivity and responsibility, but was not associated with interpersonal connection or physical exercise when accounting for childhood experiences. Results were largely consistent across gender and levels of family income.

CONCLUSION: Findings show the enduring importance of positive childhood experiences in predicting positive functioning in early adulthood. Although adolescent substance use increased risk for poorer functioning in important domains of adult life, results suggest that positive experiences in late childhood continued to have a significant prosocial effect into young adulthood. The study also highlights the late elementary grades as a time when parents, teachers, and others can potentially have a large influence in proactively providing prosocial opportunities for children.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 49 %P 180-6 %8 2011 Aug %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.244 %0 Journal Article %J AIDS Behav %D 2011 %T A preliminary randomized controlled trial of a nurse-delivered medication adherence intervention among HIV-positive outpatients initiating antiretroviral therapy in Beijing, China. %A Simoni, Jane M %A Chen, Wei-Ti %A Huh, David %A Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I %A Pearson, Cynthia %A Zhao, Hongxin %A Shiu, Cheng-Shi %A Wang, Xin %A Zhang, Fujie %K Adult %K Anti-HIV Agents %K CD4 Lymphocyte Count %K China %K Counseling %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Drug Monitoring %K Electronics, Medical %K Female %K HIV Infections %K HIV-1 %K Humans %K Male %K Medication Adherence %K Middle Aged %K Nurses %K Outpatients %K RNA, Viral %K Treatment Outcome %K Viral Load %K Young Adult %X

We evaluated a nurse-delivered adherence intervention in a preliminary randomized controlled trial among 70 HIV-positive outpatients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Beijing, China. In both arms, participants received a 30-min educational session, a pillbox, and a referral to a peer support group. In the enhanced arm, participants could choose an electronic reminder device, three sessions of counseling either alone or with a treatment adherence partner, or both reminder and counseling. Survey assessments and blood draws occurred at baseline, post-intervention (13 weeks), and follow-up (25 weeks). Primary outcomes were 7-day and 30-day adherence assessed by self-report and electronic drug monitoring (EDM), and secondary outcomes were HIV-1 RNA viral load and CD4 count. The intervention was feasible and well received. It led to some improvement in self-reported and EDM-assessed adherence but not the biological outcomes. Providing counseling and facilitating the use of electronic reminders to patients initiating ART merits further investigation as a culturally viable means of promoting adherence in China.

%B AIDS Behav %V 15 %P 919-29 %8 2011 Jul %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1007/s10461-010-9828-3 %0 Journal Article %J J Community Psychol %D 2011 %T Prevention service system transformation using Communities That Care %A Brown, Eric C %A Hawkins, J D %A Arthur, Michael W %A Briney, John S %A Fagan, Abigail A %X

This study examines prevention system transformation as part of a community-randomized controlled trial of Communities That Care (CTC). Using data from surveys of community leaders, we examine differences between CTC and control communities 4.5 years after CTC implementation. Significantly higher levels of adopting a science-based approach to prevention observed in CTC communities compared to controls in 2004 were maintained in 2007. Leaders in CTC communities expressed a willingness to contribute significantly more funds to prevention than did leaders in control communities in 2007. Significant differences in levels of community collaboration observed in 2004 were not maintained in 2007. Leaders in CTC communities with high poverty rates and large minority student populations reported higher levels of community norms against drug use and greater use of the social development strategy, respectively, than did leaders in control communities with similar characteristics.

%B J Community Psychol %V 39 %P 183-201 %8 2011 Mar 1 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1002/jcop.20426 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2011 %T Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use in washington state, the United States and Victoria, Australia: a longitudinal study. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Heerde, Jessica A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Patton, George C %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Cross-Cultural Comparison %K Female %K Harm Reduction %K Health Behavior %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Parent-Child Relations %K Peer Group %K Social Environment %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Victoria %K Washington %X

PURPOSE: To compare the levels of risk and protective factors and the predictive influence of these factors on alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use over a 12-month follow-up period in Washington State in the United States and in Victoria, Australia.

METHOD: The study involved a longitudinal school-based survey of students drawn as a two-stage cluster sample recruited through schools, and administered in the years 2002 and 2003 in both states. The study used statewide representative samples of students in the seventh and ninth grades (n = 3,876) in Washington State and Victoria.

RESULTS: Washington State students, relative to Victorian students, had higher rates of cannabis use but lower rates of alcohol and tobacco use at time 1. Levels of risk and protective factors showed few but important differences that contribute to the explanation of differences in substance use; Washington State students, relative to Victorian students, reported higher religiosity (odds ratio, .96 vs. .79) and availability of handguns (odds ratio, 1.23 vs. 1.18), but less favorable peer, community, and parental attitudes to substance use. The associations with substance use at follow-up are generally comparable, but in many instances were weaker in Washington State.

CONCLUSIONS: Levels of risk and protective factors and their associations with substance use at follow-up were mostly similar in the two states. Further high-quality longitudinal studies to establish invariance in the relations between risk and protective factors and substance use in adolescence across diverse countries are warranted.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 49 %P 312-20 %8 2011 Sep %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.017 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2011 %T The role of maternal early-life and later-life risk factors on offspring low birth weight: Findings from a three-generational study. %A Gavin, Amelia R %A Hill, Karl G %A Hawkins, J D %A Maas, Carl %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Alcohol Drinking %K Birth Weight %K Child Abuse %K Child of Impaired Parents %K Depression %K Female %K Humans %K Infant, Low Birth Weight %K Infant, Newborn %K Intergenerational Relations %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Obesity %K Risk Factors %K Smoking %K Social Class %X

PURPOSE: This study examined three research questions: (1) Is there an association between maternal early-life economic disadvantage and the birth weight of later-born offspring? (2) Is there an association between maternal abuse in childhood and the birth weight of later-born offspring? (3) To what extent are these early-life risks mediated through adolescent and adult substance use, mental and physical health status, and adult socioeconomic status (SES)?

METHODS: Analyses used structural equation modeling to examine data from two longitudinal studies, which included three generations. The first generation (G1) and the second generation (G2) were enrolled in the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP), and the third generation (G3) was enrolled in the SSDP Intergenerational Project. Data for the study (N = 136) focused on (G2) mothers enrolled in the SSDP and their children (G3).

RESULTS: Analyses revealed that G2 low childhood SES predicted G3 offspring birth weight. Early childhood abuse among G2 respondents predicted G3 offspring birth weight through a mediated pathway including G2 adolescent substance use and G2 prenatal substance use. Birth weight was unrelated to maternal adult SES, depression, or obesity.

CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the effect of maternal early-life risks of low childhood SES and child maltreatment on later-born offspring birth weight. These findings have far-reaching effects on the cumulative risk associated with early-life economic disadvantage and childhood maltreatment. Such findings encourage policies and interventions that enhance child health at birth by taking the mother's own early-life and development into account.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 49 %P 166-71 %8 2011 Aug %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.246 %0 Journal Article %J J Rural Health %D 2011 %T Rural adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use: a comparison of students in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States. %A Coomber, Kerri %A Toumbourou, John W %A Miller, Peter %A Staiger, Petra K %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Alcoholism %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Rural Population %K Self Report %K Smoking %K Social Class %K Street Drugs %K Victoria %K Washington %X

PURPOSE: There are inconsistent research findings regarding the impact of rurality on adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substance use. Therefore, the current study reports on the effect of rurality on alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among adolescents in 2 state representative samples in 2 countries, Washington State (WA) in the United States and Victoria (VIC) in Australia.

PARTICIPANTS: The International Youth Development Study (IYDS) recruited representative samples of students from Grade 7 (aged 12 to 13 years) and Grade 9 (aged 14 to 15) in both states. A total of 3,729 students responded to questions about alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other illicit substance use (n(VIC) = 1,852; n(WA) = 1,877). In each state, males and females were equally represented and ages ranged from 12 to 15 years.

METHODS: Data were analyzed to compare lifetime and current (past 30 days) substance use for students located in census areas classified as urban, large or small town, and rural. Findings were adjusted for school clustering and weighted to compare prevalence at median age 14 years.

FINDINGS: Rates of lifetime and current alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use were significantly higher in rural compared to urban students in both states (odds ratio for current substance use = 1.31).

CONCLUSIONS: In both Washington State and Victoria, early adolescent rural students use substances more frequently than their urban counterparts. Future studies should examine factors that place rural adolescents at risk for alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use.

%B J Rural Health %V 27 %P 409-15 %8 2011 Winter %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2010.00360.x %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2011 %T Sensitive periods for adolescent alcohol use initiation: Predicting the lifetime occurrence and chronicity of alcohol problems in adulthood. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hill, Karl G %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Hawkins, J D %A Woods, M L %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Age Factors %K Age of Onset %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcohol-Related Disorders %K Alcoholism %K Child %K Ethanol %K Female %K Forecasting %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Risk %K Social Environment %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Time Factors %X

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between age at alcohol use onset and adult alcohol misuse and dependence by testing the sensitive-period hypothesis that early adolescence (11-14) is a vulnerable period of development during which initiating alcohol use is particularly harmful.

METHOD: Data came from a longitudinal panel of 808 participants recruited in 1981. Participants were followed through age 33 in 2008 with 92% retention.

RESULTS: Onset of alcohol use before age 11 (late childhood), when compared with initiation during early adolescence, was related to an increased chronicity of adult alcohol dependence, even after accounting for sociodemographic controls and other substance use in adolescence. The present study finds no evidence that early adolescence is a particularly sensitive period for the onset of alcohol use. Findings related to the onset of regular alcohol use and the chronicity of alcohol dependence suggest that the onset of regular drinking before age 21 is problematic, but no one adolescent period is more sensitive than others. Specifically, although all age groups that started drinking regularly before age 21 had a greater rate of alcohol dependence in adulthood, initiation of regular use of alcohol at or before age 14 was not related to greater chronicity of alcohol dependence than the initiation of regular use of alcohol in middle or late adolescence.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the importance of delaying the onset of alcohol use through prevention efforts as early as the elementary grades. In addition, prevention efforts should focus on preventing the onset of regular drinking before age 21.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 72 %P 221-31 %8 2011 Mar %G eng %N 2 %0 Journal Article %J Drug Alcohol Depend %D 2011 %T Strategies for characterizing complex phenotypes and environments: General and specific family environmental predictors of young adult tobacco dependence, alcohol use disorder, and co-occurring problems. %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Hill, Karl G %A Meacham, Meredith C %A Young, Susan E %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcoholism %K Child %K Family %K Female %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Risk Factors %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Smoking %K Social Environment %K Tobacco Use Disorder %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: Defining phenotypes in studies of tobacco and alcohol misuse is difficult because of the complexity of these behaviors and their strong association with each other and with other problem behaviors. The present paper suggests a strategy for addressing this issue by conceptualizing and partitioning variance in phenotypes into either general or substance/behavior-specific. The paper also applies the general or substance/behavior-specific conceptualization to environmental predictors of tobacco and alcohol misuse and other problem behaviors.

METHODS: Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project, a contemporary, ethnically diverse and gender-balanced longitudinal panel including 808 participants. Latent variable modeling was used to partition variance in young adult (age 24) nicotine dependence, alcohol abuse and dependence, illicit drug abuse and dependence, involvement in crime, and engagement in HIV sexual risk behavior into general problem behavior and behavior-specific variance. Similarly, measures of general, drinking-specific, and smoking-specific adolescent family environment were constructed.

RESULTS: Consistent with expectations, more positive general family environment during adolescence was associated with lower levels of shared variance in problem behaviors at age 24, but not with unique variance in tobacco or alcohol use disorder. Higher levels of family smoking and drinking environments during adolescence, however, were positively associated with unique variance in tobacco and alcohol use disorder, respectively, but did not predict shared variance in problem behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS: Results support the utility of the proposed approach. Ways in which this approach might contribute to future molecular genetic studies are discussed.

%B Drug Alcohol Depend %V 118 %P 444-51 %8 2011 Nov 1 %G eng %N 2-3 %R 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.002 %0 Journal Article %J Horm Behav %D 2011 %T Women's sexual arousal: effects of high alcohol dosages and self-control instructions. %A George, William H %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Heiman, Julia R %A Norris, Jeanette %A Stoner, Susan A %A Schacht, Rebecca L %A Hendershot, Christian S %A Kajumulo, Kelly F %K Adult %K Alcohol Drinking %K Arousal %K Dose-Response Relationship, Drug %K Erotica %K Ethanol %K Female %K Humans %K Internal-External Control %K Libido %K Sexuality %K Vagina %K Young Adult %X

The basic relationship between alcohol and women's sexual arousal - especially genital arousal - received little research attention for nearly 30 years (e.g. Wilson and Lawson, 1978) until very recently (e.g. George et al., 2009). To investigate hypotheses based on earlier findings and Alcohol Myopia Theory (AMT), two experiments evaluated the effects of high blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and arousal instructional demands on indices of vaginal responding and self-reported sexual arousal. In Experiment 1, self-control instructions to maximize (versus suppress) arousal increased peak and average Vaginal Pulse Amplitude (VPA) change. Self-control also interacted with a target BAC of .08% (versus .00%) to influence latency to peak arousal onset: Intoxicated women instructed to maximize showed a shorter latency to peak arousal than did intoxicated women instructed to suppress; however, sober women showed an undifferentiated pattern. Also, in Experiment 1, the target BAC of .08% had no effect on VPA or subjective arousal measures. In Experiment 2, a target BAC of .10% (versus .00%) attenuated peak change and average change in VPA, but this dosage had no effects on latency to peak achieved arousal, or on subjective arousal. Instructions to maximize arousal (versus no instruction) had no effect on any arousal measures. Overall, among young moderate drinking women, alcohol had attenuating effects but only at the higher dosage. Maximize versus suppress instructions about arousal had predicted effects on arousal and interactive effects on latency, but only at the lower dosage. The findings highlight the importance of dosage and contextual factors in alcohol's impact on the variability of women's sexual responding.

%B Horm Behav %V 59 %P 730-8 %8 2011 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.03.006 %0 Journal Article %J J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse %D 2010 %T Alcohol use disorders and depression: Protective factors in the development of unique versus comorbid outcomes %A Mason, W A %A Hawkins, J D %A Kosterman, Rick %A Catalano, Richard F %X

Protective factors for young adult alcohol use disorders, depression, and comorbid alcohol use disorders and depression were examined. Participants were recruited from all fifth-grade students attending 18 Seattle elementary schools. Of the 1,053 students eligible, 808 (77%) agreed to participate. Youth were surveyed when they were 10 years-old in 1985 and followed to age 21 years years in 1996 (95% retention). Protective factors were measured at age 14 years years. Young adult disorders were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Alcohol refusal skills, academic skills, school and family bonding, parental rewards, school rewards, and family cohesion at age 14 years years were associated with decreased risk for comorbidity at age 21 years years.

%B J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse %V 19 %P 309-323 %8 2010 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1080/1067828X.2010.502491 %0 Journal Article %J J Sex Med %D 2010 %T Assessing women's sexual arousal in the context of sexual assault history and acute alcohol intoxication. %A Gilmore, Amanda K %A Schacht, Rebecca L %A George, William H %A Otto, Jacqueline M %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Heiman, Julia R %A Norris, Jeanette %A Kajumulo, Kelly F %K Alcoholic Intoxication %K Arousal %K Child %K Child Abuse, Sexual %K Erotica %K Ethanol %K Female %K Humans %K Libido %K Photoplethysmography %K Rape %K Reference Values %K Regional Blood Flow %K Vagina %X

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have examined differences in women's sexual arousal based on sexual assault history (SAH) or in-the-moment alcohol intoxication. Only one has examined combined effects. Findings regarding the relationship between SAH and arousal are contradictory.

AIM: We aimed to determine the relationship between SAH, alcohol intoxication, and sexual arousal.

METHODS: Women were randomly assigned to an alcohol (target blood alcohol level = 0.10%) or control condition and categorized as having an SAH or not. After beverage administration, all women watched erotic films while genital arousal (vaginal pulse amplitude; VPA) was measured. Afterward, self-reported sexual arousal was measured.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Genital response was measured by VPA using vaginal photoplethysmography while watching erotic films. Self-reported sexual arousal was assessed after watching erotic films.

RESULTS: Women with an SAH had smaller increases in genital arousal in response to the films than women without an SAH. Intoxicated women had smaller increases in genital arousal than sober women. However, no differences for SAH or intoxication were found in self-reported arousal.

CONCLUSION: SAH and alcohol intoxication are associated with smaller increases in genital arousal compared to women without an SAH and sober women, suggesting that these co-occurring factors impact sexual arousal.

%B J Sex Med %V 7 %P 2112-9 %8 2010 Jun %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01786.x %0 Journal Article %J Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med %D 2010 %T Broadening understanding of the long-term effects of risk- and protection-focused prevention on the public health: Lessons from nurse-family partnerships. %A Hawkins, J D %K Community Health Nursing %K Crime %K Female %K Home Care Services %K House Calls %K Humans %K Maternal-Child Nursing %K Nurse-Patient Relations %K Pregnancy %K Prenatal Care %K Public Health %B Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med %V 164 %P 92-4 %8 2010 Jan %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.246 %0 Journal Article %J J Am Coll Health %D 2010 %T College women's sexual decision making: cognitive mediation of alcohol expectancy effects. %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Norris, Jeanette %A Hessler, Danielle M %A Zawacki, Tina %A Morrison, Diane M %A George, William H %K Adolescent %K Alcohol Drinking %K Cognition %K Condoms %K Decision Making %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice %K Humans %K Models, Psychological %K Multivariate Analysis %K Psychological Tests %K Psychometrics %K Risk Assessment %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Statistics as Topic %K Unsafe Sex %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol has been linked to a variety of risky sexual practices, including inconsistent condom use. Due to the high rates of alcohol consumption among underage college women, greater understanding of the role of alcohol in young women's sexual decision making is warranted.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Female underage (18- to 20-year-old) social drinkers (N = 94) participated in an experiment in which they projected themselves into a written hypothetical sexual situation with a new partner. One half of the situations portrayed alcohol consumption; one half did not involve alcohol consumption. Their appraisals of the situation's sexual potential, impelling and inhibiting cognitions, and sexual behavior intentions were assessed.

RESULTS: Results revealed that alcohol's expectancy effects on young women's unprotected sexual intentions were mediated by their cognitive appraisals of the situation.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that alcohol expectancies and their influence on women's sexual decisions should be incorporated into sexual risk reduction efforts.

%B J Am Coll Health %V 58 %P 481-9 %8 2010 Mar-Apr %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1080/07448481003599112 %0 Journal Article %J J Sex Res %D 2010 %T Comparison of daily and retrospective reports of vaginal sex in heterosexual men and women. %A Gillmore, Mary Rogers %A Leigh, Barbara C %A Hoppe, Marilyn J %A Morrison, Diane M %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Coitus %K Data Collection %K Female %K Heterosexuality %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Medical Records %K Mental Recall %K Reproducibility of Results %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Truth Disclosure %K Vagina %K Young Adult %X

This study examined the agreement between daily and retrospective reports of vaginal sex over a two-month period in a sample of 376 heterosexually active men and women. We also examined whether gender, age, or method of daily data collection (self-administered vs. interviewer administered) were related to agreement between daily and retrospective reports. Both counts and categorical measures of frequency of the behaviors were examined. There were no gender, age, or data collection method effects. When measured as a count, participants reported more instances of vaginal intercourse in the retrospective reports than on the daily reports. In contrast, comparison of retrospective categorical measures of frequency to daily reports showed considerable variability. Possible reasons for the over-reporting of counts of vaginal sex in retrospective reports are explored.

%B J Sex Res %V 47 %P 279-84 %8 2010 Jul %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1080/00224490903050584 %0 Journal Article %J J Fam Violence %D 2010 %T The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems %A Moylan, Carrie A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Sousa, Cindy %A Tajima, Emiko A %A Herrenkohl, Roy C %A Russo, M J %X

This study examines the effects of child abuse and domestic violence exposure in childhood on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Data for this analysis are from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study, a prospective study of 457 youth addressing outcomes of family violence and resilience in individuals and families. Results show that child abuse, domestic violence, and both in combination (i.e., dual exposure) increase a child's risk for internalizing and externalizing outcomes in adolescence. When accounting for risk factors associated with additional stressors in the family and surrounding environment, only those children with dual exposure had an elevated risk of the tested outcomes compared to non-exposed youth. However, while there were some observable differences in the prediction of outcomes for children with dual exposure compared to those with single exposure (i.e., abuse only or exposure to domestic violence only), these difference were not statistically significant. Analyses showed that the effects of exposure for boys and girls are statistically comparable.

%B J Fam Violence %V 25 %P 53-63 %8 2010 Jan %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1007/s10896-009-9269-9 %0 Journal Article %J Dev Psychopathol %D 2010 %T Effects of childhood conduct problems and family adversity on health, health behaviors, and service use in early adulthood: tests of developmental pathways involving adolescent risk taking and depression. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Kosterman, Rick %A Mason, W A %A Hawkins, J D %A McCarty, Carolyn A %A McCauley, Elizabeth %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Development %K Adult %K Child %K Child Behavior Disorders %K Child Development %K Depression %K Female %K Health Behavior %K Health Services %K Health Status %K Humans %K Male %K Risk-Taking %X

This study examined a developmental, cascade model that includes childhood risks of conduct problems and family adversity at age 10-12; conduct problems, risk taking, and internalizing during adolescence; and adult outcomes of conduct problems, poor health, health risks, depression, and service use at ages 27 and 30. Analyses showed that childhood conduct problems predicted adolescent conduct problems and risk taking, which in turn, predicted adult conduct problems, health risks, depression, and service use. Childhood family adversity predicted adolescent internalizing, a predictor itself of poor health, depression, and service use at age 27. There was considerable continuity in the same adult outcomes measured over a 3-year period, as well as some cross-domain prediction from variables at age 27 to measures at age 30. Developmental patterns found in these data offer implications for future research and prevention.

%B Dev Psychopathol %V 22 %P 655-65 %8 2010 Aug %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1017/S0954579410000349 %0 Journal Article %J J Genet Psychol %D 2010 %T Gender differences in risk and promotive classifications associated with adolescent delinquency. %A Whitney, Stephen D %A Renner, Lynette M %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %K Adolescent %K Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Child Behavior Disorders %K Domestic Violence %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Models, Psychological %K Parenting %K Poverty %K Risk Factors %K Sex Characteristics %K Social Facilitation %K Socialization %X

How likely are children exposed to multiple risk factors to engage in delinquent behavior, to what extent do promotive factors mitigate exposure to these risk factors, and do the predictors of delinquent behavior differ by gender? To address these questions, the authors analyzed data from youths (229 boys, 187 girls) who completed the third wave of the Lehigh Longitudinal Study using Latent Profile Analysis. A unique risk and promotive class with slightly elevated rates of exposure to parental violence, mean levels of other risk factors and low levels of promotive factors was present for girls but not for boys. Additionally, for boys and girls, high-risk, low-promotive individuals were significantly more likely to engage in delinquent behavior than low-risk, high-promotive cases. Findings suggest the need to examine risk and promotive factors in combination to account for their shared influences on developmental outcomes for youth.

%B J Genet Psychol %V 171 %P 116-38 %8 2010 Apr-Jun %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1080/00221320903548092 %0 Journal Article %J J Community Psychol %D 2010 %T GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RISK/PROTECTION PROFILES FOR LOW ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. %A Whitney, Stephen D %A Renner, Lynette M %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %X

Using holistic-interactionistic theory, the simultaneous nature of risk and protection factors for both males and females (age 6-11 in Wave 1) is examined using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). Risk/protection classes are estimated using multiple risk factor variables (e.g., physical child abuse) and multiple protective factors (e.g., extracurricular activities). These risk/protection classes were used to predict low academic performance. For both males and females, high risk, low protection individuals were significantly more likely to experience low academic performance than low risk, high protection cases. Gender differences emerged in a class for females that included the importance of parental/peer disapproval of anti-social behavior as a protective factor that was not present for males. Findings support elements of the holistic-interactionistic theory for human development and suggest the need to examine risk and protective factors in combination to account for their shared influences on developmental outcomes. Implications for youths underperforming academically are discussed.

%B J Community Psychol %V 38 %P 435-455 %8 2010 May 1 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1002/jcop.20373 %0 Journal Article %J J Child Psychol Psychiatry %D 2010 %T Growth in adolescent delinquency and alcohol use in relation to young adult crime, alcohol use disorders, and risky sex: A comparison of youth from low- versus middle-income backgrounds. %A Mason, W A %A Hitch, Julia E %A Kosterman, Rick %A McCarty, Carolyn A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Alcohol-Related Disorders %K Child %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Male %K Risk Factors %K Risk-Taking %K Sampling Studies %K Social Class %K United States %K Unsafe Sex %K Violence %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: This study examined adolescent delinquency and alcohol use in relation to young adult crime, alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and risky sex. Analyses further examined the influences of late childhood involvement in these problem behavior outcomes, with mediation through teen delinquency and alcohol use, and examined differences in the pathways for youth from low- compared to middle-income backgrounds.

METHOD: Multiple-group latent growth curve modeling was conducted using data collected from a sample of 808 youth followed from age 10 to age 24. Self-report assessments included delinquent involvement, alcohol use, and sexual activity in late childhood; delinquency and alcohol use in adolescence; and crime, AUDs, and risky sex in early adulthood.

RESULTS: Late childhood delinquent involvement was associated with young adult crime, AUDs, and risky sex indirectly through adolescent delinquency, and had a persistent direct effect on crime. Adolescent delinquency also mediated the relation between early sex onset and crime. Early alcohol use predicted a higher level of, and a faster rate of increase in, adolescent drinking, which predicted, in turn, young adult AUDs and risky sex. Significant group differences indicated stronger associations between adolescent delinquency and each young adult outcome for youth from low- compared to those from middle-income backgrounds.

CONCLUSIONS: Early intervention may help prevent the development of crime, AUDs, and risky sex behaviors, especially among disadvantaged youth.

%B J Child Psychol Psychiatry %V 51 %P 1377-85 %8 2010 Dec %G eng %N 12 %R 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02292.x %0 Journal Article %J J Youth Adolesc %D 2010 %T Identifying trajectories of adolescents' depressive phenomena: an examination of early risk factors. %A Mazza, James J %A Fleming, Charles B %A Abbott, Robert D %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Antisocial Personality Disorder %K Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity %K Depression %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Parents %K Risk Factors %K Sex Factors %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Stress, Psychological %K Surveys and Questionnaires %X

Few studies have examined risk factors of childhood and early adolescent depressive symptomatology trajectories. This study examined self-report depressive symptomatology across a 6-year time period from 2nd to 8th grade to identify latent groups of individuals with similar patterns of depressive phenomena in a sample of 951 children (440 girls, 511 boys). Analyses, using semiparametric group modeling (SGM), identified 5 trajectory groups for girls and boys: low depressed stables, low depressed risers, mildly depressed stables, moderately depressed changers, and moderately depressed risers. Individual risk factors, with the exception of shy/withdrawn behavior, were significantly different across trajectory group membership for boys and girls, as was low-income status for boys. Boys in the low depressed and mildly depressed stable trajectory groups had significantly higher levels of antisocial behavior, attention problems, and lower social competency compared to girls in similar groups. These results suggest that universal prevention programs implemented in early elementary school that target selected risk factors may be helpful in reducing future adolescent mental health problems, specifically depressive symptomatology.

%B J Youth Adolesc %V 39 %P 579-93 %8 2010 Jun %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10964-009-9406-z %0 Journal Article %J AIDS Behav %D 2010 %T The impact of trauma-focused group therapy upon HIV sexual risk behaviors in the NIDA Clinical Trials Network "Women and trauma" multi-site study. %A Hien, Denise A %A Campbell, Aimee N C %A Killeen, Therese %A Hu, Mei-Chen %A Hansen, Cheri %A Jiang, Huiping %A Hatch-Maillette, Mary %A Miele, Gloria M %A Cohen, Lisa R %A Gan, Weijin %A Resko, Stella M %A DiBono, Michele %A Wells, Elizabeth A %A Nunes, Edward V %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Adult %K Cognitive Therapy %K Female %K Health Education %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Risk Reduction Behavior %K Risk-Taking %K Sexual Behavior %K Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Treatment Outcome %K Unsafe Sex %K Wounds and Injuries %X

Women in drug treatment struggle with co-occurring problems, including trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can heighten HIV risk. This study examines the impact of two group therapy interventions on reduction of unprotected sexual occasions (USO) among women with substance use disorders (SUD) and PTSD. Participants were 346 women recruited from and receiving treatment at six community-based drug treatment programs participating in NIDA's Clinical Trials Network. Participants were randomized to receive 12-sessions of either seeking safety (SS), a cognitive behavioral intervention for women with PTSD and SUD, or women's health education (WHE), an attention control psychoeducational group. Participants receiving SS who were at higher sexual risk (i.e., at least 12 USO per month) significantly reduced the number of USO over 12-month follow up compared to WHE. High risk women with co-occurring PTSD and addiction may benefit from treatment addressing coping skills and trauma to reduce HIV risk.

%B AIDS Behav %V 14 %P 421-30 %8 2010 Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1007/s10461-009-9573-7 %0 Journal Article %J J Community Psychol %D 2010 %T Implementation of the Communities That Care prevention system by coalitions in the Community Youth Development Study %A Arthur, Michael W %A Hawkins, J D %A Brown, Eric C %A Briney, John S %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Abbott, Robert D %X

While advances in prevention science over the past 2 decades have produced a growing list of tested and effective programs and policies for preventing adolescent delinquency and drug use, widespread dissemination and high-quality implementation of effective programs and policies in communities has not been achieved. The Community Youth Development Study (CYDS) is a randomized, community-level trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) system for promoting science-based prevention in communities. This paper compares 12 community prevention coalitions implementing the CTC system in 12 intervention communities as part of the CYDS to prevention coalitions located in the 12 control communities. As hypothesized, the CYDS coalitions implemented significantly more of the CTC core intervention elements, and also implemented significantly greater numbers of tested, effective prevention programs than the prevention coalitions in the control communities. Implications of the findings for efforts to achieve widespread dissemination of effective prevention programs, policies, and practices are discussed.

%B J Community Psychol %V 38 %P 245-258 %8 2010 Mar %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1002/jcop.20362 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Med %D 2010 %T Maintenance-tailored therapy vs. standard behavior therapy for 30-month maintenance of weight loss. %A Levy, Rona L %A Jeffery, Robert W %A Langer, Shelby L %A Graham, Dan J %A Welsh, Ericka M %A Flood, Andrew P %A Jaeb, Melanie A %A Laqua, Patricia S %A Finch, Emily A %A Hotop, Annie M %A Yatsuya, Hiroshi %K Adult %K Behavior Therapy %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Obesity %K Weight Gain %K Weight Loss %X

OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in weight regain one year after an 18-month obesity treatment with standard behavior therapy (SBT) or maintenance-tailored therapy for obesity (MTT).

METHOD: 213 obese adult volunteers were treated for 18 months using SBT with fixed behavioral prescriptions or MTT that employed varied behavioral prescriptions with treatment breaks. Follow-up analysis focused on weight maintenance after a year of no contact. The trial was conducted at the University of Minnesota between 2005 and 2009.

RESULTS: Mean (SD) weight change between 18 and 30 months for participants in the SBT group was +4.1 kg (4.4) compared to +2.8 kg (4.5) in the MTT group. This is a 31% reduction in weight regain in MTT relative to SBT (p=0.078). This trend toward better maintenance in MTT versus SBT was due primarily to superior differential maintenance in MTT participants in the highest tertile of total weight loss at 18 months, i.e. MTT participants in this tertile regained 4 kg less than SBT participants between 18 and 30 months.

CONCLUSIONS: The MTT approach with varied content and timing produced more desirable patterns of weight loss maintenance than the traditional SBT approach, especially among individuals who had achieved greater initial weight loss.

%B Prev Med %V 51 %P 457-9 %8 2010 Dec %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.09.010 %0 Journal Article %J J Marriage Fam %D 2010 %T Men’s and women’s pathways to adulthood and their adolescent precursors %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hawkins, J D %A Hill, Karl G %A Bailey, Jennifer A %X

This study compared men's and women's pathways to adulthood by examining how role transitions in education, work, marriage, and parenthood intersect and form developmental pathways from ages 18-30. The study investigated how sociodemographic factors and adolescent experiences were associated with these pathways. We used latent class analysis to analyze longitudinal data from a gender-balanced panel of 808 contemporary young adults. We found three similar latent pathways for both genders, but men and women differed in the timing of marriage and when they began to live with children and the likelihood of combining both roles. The present study points to the continued, though differential, relevance of marriage and family in the transition to adulthood for men and women.

%B J Marriage Fam %V 72 %P 1436-1453 %8 2010 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00775.x %0 Journal Article %J Drug Alcohol Depend %D 2010 %T Person-environment interaction in the prediction of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in adulthood. %A Hill, Karl G %A Hawkins, J D %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Catalano, Richard F %A Abbott, Robert D %A Shapiro, Valerie B %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Alcoholism %K Anxiety %K Family %K Female %K Humans %K Inhibition (Psychology) %K Linear Models %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Predictive Value of Tests %K Social Environment %K Young Adult %X

BACKGROUND: Behavioral disinhibition (externalizing/impulsivity) and behavioral inhibition (internalizing/anxiety) may contribute to the development of alcohol abuse and dependence. But tests of person-by-environment interactions in predicting alcohol use disorders are needed. This study examined the extent to which interactions between behavioral disinhibition, behavioral inhibition and family management during adolescence predict alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence at age 27.

METHODS: This study used longitudinal data from a community sample of 808 men and women interviewed from ages 10 to 27 in the Seattle Social Development Project. Zero-order correlations followed by a series of nested regressions examined the relationships between individual characteristics (behavioral disinhibition and behavioral inhibition/anxiety) and environment (good vs. poor family management practices during adolescence) in predicting alcohol abuse and dependence criterion counts at age 27.

RESULTS: Behavioral disinhibition and poor family management predicted increased likelihood of both alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence at age 27. Behavioral inhibition/anxiety was unrelated to both outcomes. Youths high in behavioral disinhibition were at increased risk for later alcohol abuse and dependence only in consistently poorly managed family environments. In consistently well-managed families, high levels of behavioral disinhibition did not increase risk for later alcohol abuse or dependence.

CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral disinhibition increases risk for alcohol abuse and dependence in early adulthood only for individuals who experience poor family management during adolescence. Interventions seeking to reduce environmental risks by strengthening consistent positive family management practices may prevent later alcohol abuse and dependence among individuals at risk due to behavioral disinhibition.

%B Drug Alcohol Depend %V 110 %P 62-9 %8 2010 Jul 1 %G eng %N 1-2 %R 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.005 %0 Journal Article %J Pediatrics %D 2010 %T Pubertal stage and the prevalence of violence and social/relational aggression. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Kotevski, Aneta %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Toumbourou, John W %A Carlin, John B %A Catalano, Richard F %A Patton, George C %K Adolescent %K Aggression %K Antisocial Personality Disorder %K Child %K Depressive Disorder %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Male %K Prevalence %K Puberty %K Risk Factors %K Spouse Abuse %K Victoria %K Violence %K Washington %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: We examined associations between pubertal stage and violent adolescent behavior and social/relational aggression.

METHODS: The International Youth Development Study comprises statewide representative student samples in grades 5, 7, and 9 (N = 5769) in Washington State and Victoria, Australia, drawn as a 2-stage cluster sample in each state. We used a school-administered, self-report student survey to measure previous-year violent behavior (ie, attacking or beating up another person) and social/relational aggression (excluding peers from the group, threatening to spread lies or rumors), as well as risk and protective factors and pubertal development. Cross-sectional data were analyzed.

RESULTS: Compared with early puberty, the odds of violent behavior were approximately threefold higher in midpuberty (odds ratio [OR]: 2.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.81-4.55]) and late puberty (OR: 3.79 [95% CI: 2.25-6.39]) after adjustment for demographic factors. For social/relational aggression, there were weaker overall associations after adjustment, but these associations included an interaction between pubertal stage and age, and stronger associations with pubertal stage at younger age were shown (P = .003; midpuberty OR: 1.78 [95% CI: 1.20-2.63]; late puberty OR: 3.00 [95% CI: 1.95-4.63]). Associations between pubertal stage and violent behavior and social/relational aggression remained after the inclusion of social contextual mediators in the analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: Pubertal stage was associated with higher rates of violent behavior and social/relational aggression, with the latter association seen only at younger ages. Puberty is an important phase at which to implement prevention programs to reduce adolescent violent and antisocial behaviors.

%B Pediatrics %V 126 %P e298-305 %8 2010 Aug %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1542/peds.2009-0574 %0 Journal Article %J Adm Policy Ment Health %D 2010 %T The relationship between outpatient mental health treatment and subsequent mental health symptoms and disorders in young adults. %A Van Dorn, Richard A %A Kosterman, Rick %A Williams, James H %A Chandler, Kristen %A Young, M S %A Catalano, Richard F %A Hawkins, J D %K Adult %K Ambulatory Care %K Community Mental Health Services %K Female %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Mental Disorders %K Young Adult %X

The objective of this study was to evaluate community-based outpatient mental health services for young adults. Participants were interviewed at ages 21, 24, 27, and 30. Outcomes included: (1) symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, social phobia, dysthymia and post traumatic stress individually and as a global scale; and (2) a dichotomous diagnosis variable inclusive of all above disorders. Treatment was indicated by an outpatient visit to a psychiatrist or other professional. Treatment did not reduce mental disorder or symptoms. Substance use, violence, poverty, community disorganization, and family history of antisocial behavior increased risks for negative outcomes, while social support was protective. The absence of positive findings associated with outpatient treatment is troubling given the empirically supported interventions for the conditions examined. Practitioners, agencies, and managed care organizations share a responsibility to implement effective and comprehensive interventions.

%B Adm Policy Ment Health %V 37 %P 484-96 %8 2010 Nov %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10488-010-0291-2 %0 Journal Article %J J Youth Adolesc %D 2010 %T Relationships between level and change in family, school, and peer factors during two periods of adolescence and problem behavior at age 19. %A Fleming, Charles B %A Catalano, Richard F %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Abbott, Robert D %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Antisocial Personality Disorder %K Child %K Child Behavior Disorders %K Conflict (Psychology) %K Crime %K Family %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Male %K Parent-Child Relations %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Schools %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

While prior research has examined family, school, and peer factors as potential predictors of problem behavior, less attention has been given to studying when these factors are most predictive of problems and if and when changes in these factors signal risk. Using annual data on a community sample of 1,040 individuals (47% female; 81% White), this study models growth in risk and protective factors during two developmental periods (Grades 5-8 and Grades 9-12) in order to predict substance misuse and crime at age 19. For protective factors of positive relationships with family and positive bonds to school, both the levels of these factors at Grade 5 and change between Grade 5 and Grade 8 predicted substance misuse and crime in early adulthood. Higher likelihoods of both forms of problem behavior also were predicted by increases in the risk factor of exposure to negative peers between 5th and 8th grade. In the late adolescent period, levels at 9th grade of all risk and protective factors examined predicted both substance misuse and crime. Also, increases in exposure to negative peers in late adolescence predicted greater likelihoods of both forms of problem behavior, while greater risk of substance misuse was predicted by decreases in school bonding and academic achievement, and greater risk of crime was predicted by worsening relationships with family. The results add to prior research by indicating that in addition to the level, change in risk and protective factors during these two stages of development can be signals of risk and are promising targets for intervention.

%B J Youth Adolesc %V 39 %P 670-82 %8 2010 Jun %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10964-010-9526-5 %0 Journal Article %J Public Health Rep %D 2010 %T Risk factors for HIV disease progression in a rural southwest American Indian population. %A Iralu, Jonathan %A Duran, Bonnie %A Pearson, Cynthia R %A Jiang, Yizhou %A Foley, Kevin %A Harrison, Melvin %K Alcoholism %K CD4 Lymphocyte Count %K Disease Progression %K Female %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Male %K Medication Adherence %K Medicine, Traditional %K Prisoners %K Risk Factors %K Rural Population %K Southwestern United States %K Viral Load %X

OBJECTIVES: Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression among American Indians (AIs) have been poorly characterized. We assessed the impact of socioeconomic factors and use of traditional healing on HIV disease progression in a rural AI community.

METHODS: From January 2004 through December 2006, we interviewed 36 HIV-positive AIs regarding their socioeconomic status, incarceration, and use of traditional healing. We also collected chart-abstracted adherence and substance-abuse data. Through bivariate analysis, we compared these factors with the CD4-cell counts and log HIV-1 viral loads (VLs). Using a simple regression model, we assessed interactions between the significant associations and the outcome.

RESULTS: Participant characteristics included being male (58.3%), being transgender (13.9%), having ever been incarcerated (63.9%), having a household income of < $1,000/month (41.7%), being unemployed (61.1%), being diagnosed with alcohol abuse (50.0%), and using traditional medicine (27.8%) in the last 12 months. Higher VLs were associated with recent incarceration (p < 0.05), household income of < $1,000/month (p < 0.05), and provider-assessed alcohol abuse (p < 0.05). We found an interaction between incarceration and alcohol abuse, and alcohol abuse was the factor more strongly associated with higher VLs. A lower CD4 count was associated with recent incarceration (p < 0.05) and use of traditional medicine (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol abuse is an important contributor to HIV disease progression, and participants with lower CD4 counts were more likely to use traditional medicine. HIV care among this rural AI population should focus on addressing alcohol abuse and other socioeconomic risk factors and promote collaboration between Western medical and Navajo traditional practitioners.

%B Public Health Rep %V 125 Suppl 4 %P 43-50 %8 2010 Jul-Aug %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2010 %T Romantic relationship status changes and substance use among 18- to 20-year-olds. %A Fleming, Charles B %A White, Helene R %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Age Factors %K Depression %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Marriage %K Sexual Partners %K Single Person %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: Changes in romantic relationship status are common in emerging adulthood and may be linked to changes in substance use. This study tested the hypothesis that entry into relationships or transitioning to a more committed status leads to decreases in substance use and that dissolution of relationships or transitioning to a less committed status results in increases in substance use.

METHOD: Data were from a community sample of 939 individuals. Substance use (heavy drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking) and relationship status (single, in a romantic relationship but not cohabiting, cohabiting, or married) were assessed at the beginning and end of three 6-month intervals between the ages of 18 and 20 years. Models were estimated to assess the association between transitions in relationship status and substance use, adjusting for prior levels of use.

RESULTS: There were increases in heavy drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking associated with dissolution of a romantic relationship, as well as increases in marijuana use and cigarette smoking associated with switching partners within a 6-month interval. Mediation analyses found some support for increases in both depressive symptoms and exposure to substance-using peers partially accounting for these associations. Decreases in substance use were not found for individuals entering into a new relationship or transitioning to a more committed relationship status. In fact, cigarette smoking increased among those who went from being single to being in a romantic relationship compared with those whose relationship status did not change.

CONCLUSIONS: Emerging adults who experience dissolution of romantic relationships or quickly move from one relationship to another experience increased substance use. Both depressive symptoms and changes in peer environments may partially account for these changes in use.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 71 %P 847-56 %8 2010 Nov %G eng %N 6 %0 Journal Article %J Arch Sex Behav %D 2010 %T Sexual abuse history, alcohol intoxication, and women's sexual risk behavior. %A Schacht, Rebecca L %A George, William H %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Heiman, Julia R %A Norris, Jeanette %A Stoner, Susan A %A Kajumulo, Kelly F %K Adult %K Affect %K Alcoholic Intoxication %K Child %K Child Abuse, Sexual %K Condoms %K Female %K Humans %K Photoplethysmography %K Risk-Taking %K Safe Sex %K Sex Offenses %K Sexual Behavior %K Vagina %X

We examined potential differences in women's likelihood of sexual risk taking in a laboratory setting based on alcohol intoxication and sexual abuse history. Participants (n = 64) were classified as non-sexually abused (NSA) or as having experienced sexual abuse in childhood only (CSA) or adulthood only (ASA) and randomly assigned to consume alcoholic (.06, .08, or .10% target blood alcohol content) or non-alcoholic drinks, after which participants read and responded to a risky sex vignette. Dependent measures included vaginal pulse amplitude, self-reported sexual arousal, likelihood of engaging in condom use and risky sexual behaviors described in the vignette, and mood. NSA and ASA women did not differ significantly on any dependent measures. CSA women reported significantly lower likelihood of condom use and unprotected intercourse relative to NSA and ASA women. Intoxicated women reported significantly greater sexual arousal, positive mood, and likelihood of risky sex relative to sober women. Intoxicated CSA women reported significantly more likelihood of unprotected oral sex and less likelihood of condom use relative to intoxicated NSA and ASA and sober CSA women. CSA women's increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may be driven by non-condom use and behavioral changes while intoxicated. These findings provide preliminary insight into situational influences affecting CSA women's increased STI risk.

%B Arch Sex Behav %V 39 %P 898-906 %8 2010 Aug %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s10508-009-9544-0 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2010 %T Testing the universality of the effects of the communities that care prevention system for preventing adolescent drug use and delinquency. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hawkins, J D %A Fagan, Abigail A %A Abbott, Robert D %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Male %K Preventive Health Services %K Substance-Related Disorders %X

Universal community-oriented interventions are an important component in the prevention of youth health and behavior problems. Testing the universality of the effects of an intervention that was designed to be universal is important because it provides information about how the program operates and for whom and under what conditions it is most effective. The present study examined whether the previously established significant effects of the universal, community-based Communities That Care (CTC) prevention program on the prevalence of substance use and the variety of delinquent behaviors held equally for boys and girls and in risk-related subgroups defined by early substance use, early delinquency, and high levels of community-targeted risk at baseline. Interaction analyses of data from a panel of 4,407 students followed from Grade 5 to Grade 8 in the first randomized trial of CTC in 12 matched community pairs suggests that CTC reduced students' substance use and delinquency equally across risk-related subgroups and gender, with two exceptions: The effect of CTC on reducing substance use in 8th grade was stronger for boys than girls and the impact of CTC on reducing 8th-grade delinquency was stronger for students who were nondelinquent at baseline.

%B Prev Sci %V 11 %P 411-23 %8 2010 Dec %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s11121-010-0178-1 %0 Journal Article %J J Urban Health %D 2010 %T Why the wait? Delayed HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men. %A Nelson, Kimberly M %A Thiede, Hanne %A Hawes, Stephen E %A Golden, Matthew R %A Hutcheson, Rebecca %A Carey, James W %A Kurth, Ann %A Jenkins, Richard A %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Age Factors %K Delayed Diagnosis %K Health Status %K HIV Infections %K HIV Seropositivity %K Homeless Persons %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Sexual Behavior %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

We sought to identify factors associated with delayed diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; testing HIV-seropositive 6 months or more after HIV seroconversion), by comparing delayed testers to non-delayed testers (persons who were diagnosed within 6 months of HIV seroconversion), in King County, Washington among men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants were recruited from HIV testing sites in the Seattle area. Delayed testing status was determined by the Serologic Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion or a self-reported previous HIV-negative test. Quantitative data on sociodemographic characteristics, health history, and drug-use and sexual behaviors were collected via computer-assisted self-interviews. Qualitative semi-structured interviews regarding testing and risk behaviors were also conducted. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with delayed diagnosis. Content analysis was used to establish themes in the qualitative data. Out of the 77 HIV-seropositive MSM in this sample, 39 (51%) had evidence of delayed diagnosis. Factors associated with delayed testing included being African-American, homeless, "out" to 50% or less people about male-male sex, and having only one sex partner in the past 6 months. Delayed testers often cited HIV-related sickness as their reason for testing and fear and wanting to be in denial of their HIV status as reasons for not testing. Delayed testers frequently did not identify as part of the MSM community, did not recognize that they were at risk for HIV acquisition, and did not feel a responsibility to themselves or others to disclose their HIV status. This study illustrates the need to further explore circumstances around delayed diagnosis in MSM and develop outreach methods and prevention messages targeted specifically to this potentially highly marginalized population in order to detect HIV infections earlier, provide HIV care, and prevent new infections.

%B J Urban Health %V 87 %P 642-55 %8 2010 Jul %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s11524-010-9434-8