%0 Journal Article %J Drug and Alcohol Dependence %D 2021 %T The role of electronic cigarette use for quitting or reducing combustible cigarette use in the 30s: Longitudinal changes and moderated relationships %A Kosterman, Rick %A Epstein, Marina %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Furlong, Madeline %A Hawkins, J D %B Drug and Alcohol Dependence %7 July 28 %V 227 %P 108940 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2019 %T Race/ethnicity differences in trends of marijuana, cigarette, and alcohol use among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in Washington State, 2004-2016 %A Johnson, Renee M. %A Fleming, Charles B. %A Cambron, Christopher %A Dean, Lorraine T. %A Brighthaupt, Sherri-Chanelle %A Guttmannova, Katarina %B Prevention Science %V 20 %P 194-204 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Criminal Justice %D 2019 %T Reciprocal associations between early adolescent antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States %A Heerde, Jessica A. %A Curtis, Ashlee %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Smith, Rachel %A Hemphill, Sheryl A. %A Toumbourou, John W. %B Journal of Criminal Justice %V 62 %P 74-86 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescent Health %D 2018 %T Racial differences in mechanisms linking childhood socioeconomic status with growth in adult body mass index: The role of adolescent risk and educational attainment %A Gavin, Amelia R. %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Kosterman, Rick %A Lee, Jungeun O. %A Cambron, Christopher %A Epstein, Marina %A Hill, Karl G. %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Adolescent Health %V 63 %P 474-481 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Contemporary health issues on marijuana %D 2018 %T Risk and protective factors for adolescent marijuana use %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Speaker, Elizabeth C. %A Skinner, Martie L. %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Hong, Ge %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Harrop, Erin N. %E Ken C. Winters %E Kevin A. Sabet %B Contemporary health issues on marijuana %I Oxford University Press %C New York, NY %P 219-235 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2017 %T A randomized controlled trial of a long-term professional mentoring program for children at risk: Outcomes across the first 5 years %A Eddy, J M %A Martinez, C R, Jr. %A Grossman, J B %A Cearley, Jennifer J. %A Herrera, Danita %A Wheeler, Alice C. %A Rempel, Jeff S. %A Foney, Dana %A Gau, Jeff M. %A Burraston, Bert O. %A Harachi, Tracy W. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Seeley, John R. %B Prevention Science %V 18 %P 899-910 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Prevention Science %D 2017 %T The relationship between marijuana and conventional cigarette smoking behavior from early adolescence to adulthood %A Kristman-Valente, Allison N. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Epstein, Marina %A Kosterman, Rick %A Bailey, Jennifer A. %A Steeger, Christine M. %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Abbott, Robert D. %A Johnson, Renee M. %A Walker, Denise %A Hawkins, J D %B Prevention Science %I Springer %V 18 %P 428-438 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology %D 2017 %T The role of self-regulation in academic and behavioral paths to a high school diploma %A Cambron, Christopher %A Kosterman, Rick %A Catalano, Richard F. %A Guttmannova, Katarina %A Herrenkohl, Todd I. %A Hill, Karl G. %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology %V 3 %P 304-325 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Family Psychology %D 2016 %T Randomized trial of parent training to prevent adolescent problem behaviors during the high school transition %A Mason, W A %A Fleming, Charles B. %A Gross, Thomas J. %A Thompson, Ronald W. %A Parra, Gilbert J. %A Haggerty, Kevin P. %A Snyder, James J. %B Journal of Family Psychology %V 30 %P 944-954 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of EducationAmerican Journal of Education %D 2016 %T Reading and math achievement among low-income, urban Latino youth: The role of immigration %A Guttmannova, Katarina %B American Journal of EducationAmerican Journal of Education %V 122 %P 199-246 %G eng %! Am J Educ %0 Journal Article %J Addict Behav %D 2016 %T The relationship between general causality orientation and treatment outcome among marijuana-dependent adults. %A Blevins, Claire E %A Banes, Kelsey E %A Walker, Denise D %A Stephens, Robert S %A Roffman, Roger A %X

General causality orientations are motivational styles that are indicative of a person's belief about personal change and their motivation to change. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether causality orientations were associated with marijuana treatment outcomes in a sample of marijuana-dependent individuals. A total of 74 participants (66% male) were recruited from the Seattle, Washington area and randomly assigned to receive a combination of motivational enhancement and cognitive behavioral therapy or the combination treatment plus additional "check-up" sessions. Follow-up assessments evaluated frequency of use, use-related problems, and marijuana use disorder symptoms through 9months. Causality orientations were relatively stable over time. Posttreatment Autonomy orientations were associated with lower frequency of use and Controlled orientations were associated with a reduction in use, problems, and marijuana use disorder symptoms. Autonomy and Controlled orientations were associated with readiness to change. Results suggest that both autonomous and controlled orientations have implications for response to treatment; perhaps for different reasons. Causality orientations may be a promising avenue of research to predict treatment response and outcome.

%B Addict Behav %V 53 %P 196-200 %8 2016 Feb %G eng %R 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.10.021 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions %D 2016 %T The relationship between interpersonal violence victimization and smoking behavior across time and by gender %A Kristman-Valente, Allison N. %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Hill, Karl G. %A Wells, Elizabeth A. %A Epstein, Marina %A Jones, Tiffany M. %A Hawkins, J D %B Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions %I Taylor & Francis Group %V 16 %P 132-159 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Child Fam Stud %D 2015 %T Reducing risks for problem behaviors during the high school transition: Proximal outcomes in the Common Sense Parenting trial %A Mason, W A %A Fleming, Charles B %A Ringle, Jay L %A Thompson, Ronald W %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Snyder, James J %X

This study tests Common Sense Parenting (CSP)®, a widely used parent-training program, in its standard form and in a modified form known as CSP Plus, with low-income 8(th) graders and their families during the high school transition. The six-session CSP program proximally targets parenting and child emotion regulation skills. CSP Plus adds two sessions that include youth, and the eight-session program further targets skills for avoiding negative peers and activities in high school. Over two cohorts, 321 families were enrolled and randomly assigned to either CSP, CSP Plus, or minimal-contact control conditions. To date, pretest and posttest assessments have been completed, with 93% retention over about a 6-month interval. Here, analyses of preliminary outcomes from pretest to posttest focus on data collected from parents, who represent the primary proximal intervention targets. Intent-to-treat structural equation modeling analyses were conducted. CSP and CSP Plus had statistically significant effects on increased parent-reported child emotion regulation skills. CSP Plus further showed a statistically significant effect on increased parent perceptions of their adolescent being prepared for high school, but only in a model that excluded the CSP condition. Neither program had a significant proximal effect on parenting practices. Emotion regulation, one indicator of self-control, is a robust protective factor against problem behaviors. Intervention effects on this outcome may translate into reduced problems during high school. Moreover, CSP Plus showed some limited signs of added value for preparing families for the high school transition.

%B J Child Fam Stud %V 24 %P 2568-2578 %8 2015 Sep 1 %G ENG %N 9 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508822?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s10826-014-0059-5 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Community Psychol %D 2014 %T Racial/ethnic identity and subjective physical and mental health of Latino Americans: an asset within? %A Ai, Amy L %A Aisenberg, Eugene %A Weiss, Saskia I %A Salazar, Dulny %K Acculturation %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Female %K Health Status %K Hispanic Americans %K Humans %K Male %K Mental Health %K Middle Aged %K Religion %K Self Concept %K Social Identification %K Social Support %K Young Adult %X

Social Identity Theory indicates that ethnic identity could benefit minority members in a society because of its promotion of a sense of belonging, or of its buffering of the damage of discrimination. Despite growing investigation about Latinos' overall health, few studies have simultaneously examined the influence of multiple cultural strength factors, especially racial/ethnic identity, social support, and religious attendance, on these outcomes. Using the National Latino and Asian American Study, we examine the potential predictive value of these cultural strength factors on Latinos' Self-Rated Mental and Physical Health (SRMH and SRPH). Two separate two-step regression models revealed significant positive effects of racial/ethnic identity on both mental and physical health of Latinos, above and beyond the effect of known demographic and acculturation factors, such as discrimination. Religious attendance had a positive effect on SRMH but not on SRPH. The deteriorating roles of discrimination, in mental health only, and that of Length in the US in both outcomes, however, was primarily not altered by entry of these cultural strength factors. The independent direct effect of racial/ethnic identity among Latinos nationwide may suggest that this cultural strength is an internalized protective asset. Longitudinal data is needed to explore its underlying mechanism and long-term impact.

%B Am J Community Psychol %V 53 %P 173-84 %8 2014 Mar %G eng %N 1-2 %R 10.1007/s10464-014-9635-5 %0 Journal Article %J J Early Adolesc %D 2014 %T Reassessing the effects of early adolescent alcohol use on later antisocial behavior: A longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Heerde, Jessica A %A Scholes-Balog, Kirsty E %A Smith, Rachel %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %X

The effect of early adolescent alcohol use on antisocial behavior was examined at one- and two-year follow-up in Washington, United States and Victoria, Australia. Each state used the same methods to survey statewide representative samples of students (N = 1,858, 52% female) in 2002 (Grade 7 [G7]), 2003 (Grade 8 [G8]), and 2004 (Grade 9 [G9]). Rates of lifetime, current, frequent, and heavy episodic alcohol use were higher in Victoria than Washington State, whereas rates of five antisocial behaviors were generally comparable across states. After controlling for established risk factors, few associations between alcohol use and antisocial behavior remained, except that G7 current use predicted G8 police arrests and stealing and G9 carrying a weapon and stealing; G7 heavy episodic use predicted G8 and G9 police arrests; and G7 lifetime use predicted G9 carrying a weapon. Hence, risk factors other than alcohol were stronger predictors of antisocial behaviors.

%B J Early Adolesc %V 34 %P 360-386 %8 2014 Apr 1 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/0272431613491830 %0 Journal Article %J Prev Sci %D 2014 %T Research priorities for economic analyses of prevention: Current issues and future directions. %A Crowley, D M %A Hill, L G %A Kuklinski, Margaret R %A Jones, Damon E %K Biomedical Research %K Congresses as Topic %K Cost-Benefit Analysis %K Forecasting %K Humans %K Preventive Medicine %X

In response to growing interest in economic analyses of prevention efforts, a diverse group of prevention researchers, economists, and policy analysts convened a scientific panel, on "Research Priorities in Economic Analysis of Prevention" at the 19th annual conference of the Society for Prevention Research. The panel articulated four priorities that, if followed in future research, would make economic analyses of prevention efforts easier to compare and more relevant to policymakers and community stakeholders. These priorities are: (1) increased standardization of evaluation methods, (2) improved economic valuation of common prevention outcomes, (3) expanded efforts to maximize evaluation generalizability and impact as well as (4) enhanced transparency and communicability of economic evaluations. In this paper, we define three types of economic analyses in prevention, provide context and rationale for these four priorities as well as related sub-priorities, and discuss the challenges inherent in meeting them.

%B Prev Sci %V 15 %P 789-98 %8 2014 Dec %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s11121-013-0429-z %0 Journal Article %J Subst Use Misuse %D 2013 %T Reaching soldiers with untreated substance use disorder: lessons learned in the development of a marketing campaign for the Warrior Check-Up study. %A Walton, Thomas O %A Walker, Denise D %A Kaysen, Debra L %A Roffman, Roger A %A Mbilinyi, Lyungai %A Neighbors, Clayton %K Adult %K Community-Institutional Relations %K Female %K Focus Groups %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Marketing %K Mental Disorders %K Middle Aged %K Military Personnel %K Patient Acceptance of Health Care %K Program Development %K Program Evaluation %K Substance-Related Disorders %K United States %K United States Department of Defense %X

The Warrior Check-Up, a confidential telephone-delivered intervention, is designed to reach active-duty soldiers with untreated substance-use disorder at a large U.S. military base. This paper describes the development and successful implementation of the study's marketing strategies at the recruitment period's midpoint (2010-2012). Qualitative analyses of focus groups (n = 26) and survey responses (n = 278) describe the process of campaign design. Measures of demographics, media exposure, post-traumatic stress, anxiety and depression gathered from callers (n = 172) are used in quantitative analysis assessing the campaign's success in reaching this population. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed. Department of Defense provided study funding.

%B Subst Use Misuse %V 48 %P 908-21 %8 2013 Jul %G eng %N 10 %R 10.3109/10826084.2013.797996 %0 Journal Article %J Monogr Soc Res Child Dev %D 2013 %T Relationship processes and resilience in children with incarcerated parents. %A Poehlmann, Julie %A Eddy, J Mark %A Dallaire, Danielle H %A Zeman, Janice L %A Myers, Barbara J %A Mackintosh, Virginia %A Kuznetsova, Maria I %A Lotze, Geri M %A Best, Al M %A Ravindran, Neeraja %A Loper, Ann Booker %A Clarke, Caitlin Novero %A McHale, James P %A Salman, Selin %A Strozier, Anne %A Cecil, Dawn K %A Martinez, Charles R %A Burraston, Bert %K Bullying %K Child %K Child Custody %K Child of Impaired Parents %K Emotions %K Empathy %K Female %K Humans %K Intergenerational Relations %K Male %K Object Attachment %K Parenting %K Peer Group %K Prisoners %K Resilience, Psychological %X

Children with incarcerated parents are at risk for a variety of problematic outcomes, yet research has rarely examined protective factors or resilience processes that might mitigate such risk in this population. In this volume, we present findings from five new studies that focus on child- or family-level resilience processes in children with parents currently or recently incarcerated in jail or prison. In the first study, empathic responding is examined as a protective factor against aggressive peer relations for 210 elementary school age children of incarcerated parents. The second study further examines socially aggressive behaviors with peers, with a focus on teasing and bullying, in a sample of 61 children of incarcerated mothers. Emotion regulation is examined as a possible protective factor. The third study contrasts children's placement with maternal grandmothers versus other caregivers in a sample of 138 mothers incarcerated in a medium security state prison. The relation between a history of positive attachments between mothers and grandmothers and the current cocaregiving alliance are of particular interest. The fourth study examines coparenting communication in depth on the basis of observations of 13 families with young children whose mothers were recently released from jail. Finally, in the fifth study, the proximal impacts of a parent management training intervention on individual functioning and family relationships are investigated in a diverse sample of 359 imprisoned mothers and fathers. Taken together, these studies further our understanding of resilience processes in children of incarcerated parents and their families and set the groundwork for further research on child development and family resilience within the context of parental involvement in the criminal justice system.

%B Monogr Soc Res Child Dev %V 78 %P vii-viii, 1-129 %8 2013 Jun %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1111/mono.12017 %0 Journal Article %J Trauma Violence Abuse %D 2013 %T A review of developmental research on resilience in maltreated children. %A Klika, J B %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %K Adaptation, Psychological %K Behavioral Research %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Child Behavior %K Child Development %K Humans %K Life Change Events %K Longitudinal Studies %K Resilience, Psychological %K Social Adjustment %K Time %X

Research demonstrates that child maltreatment can negatively impact the psychosocial functioning of individuals well beyond the point at which the trauma occurs. Fortunately, there is evidence that many children who are maltreated succeed in overcoming some of the possible consequences that can follow exposure to this particular form of adversity. Those who do are thought to be resilient. What it means to be resilient is an issue that researchers sometimes disagree on, as is reflected by the different definitions they apply to the term and the methods they use to study the phenomenon. In this literature review, we synthesize current findings on resilience and identify areas of congruence, as well as inconsistency in research methods across the reviewed studies. We focus the review exclusively on longitudinal studies to understand the dynamic qualities of resilience. Findings of the review suggest that, while studies appear to conceptualize and measure common domains of resilience (e.g., social, emotional, behavioral functioning), the measures themselves are in some cases notably different, limiting the extent to which results can be systemically compared across studies. The review also shows that few studies, although longitudinal by design, examine resilience over extended periods of development. Consequently, little has actually been learned about how patterns of resilience unfold and are sustained. Of those studies that do examine resilience as a developmental process, the rate of stability in resilience across time is notably low. Implications for future research are discussed.

%B Trauma Violence Abuse %V 14 %P 222-34 %8 2013 Jul %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/1524838013487808 %0 Journal Article %J Gerontologist %D 2013 %T Risk and protective factors associated with health-related quality of life among older gay and bisexual men living with HIV disease. %A Emlet, Charles A %A Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I %A Kim, Hyun-Jun %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Aging %K Bisexuality %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Health Status %K HIV Infections %K Homosexuality, Male %K Humans %K Male %K Mental Health %K Middle Aged %K Prevalence %K Quality of Life %K Risk Factors %K Social Support %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K United States %X

PURPOSE: To identify risk and protective factors associated with mental and physical health-related quality of life, after controlling for key background characteristics, in a population of older gay and bisexual men living with HIV disease. Previous research examining quality of life among persons living with HIV rarely includes older adults.

DESIGN AND METHODS: Survey responses from 226 gay and bisexual men aged 50 and older, and living with HIV disease, which were part of the Caring and Aging with Pride study, were analyzed using multivariate linear regression models.

RESULTS: Findings reveal that comorbidity, limitations in activities, and victimization are significant risk factors for decreased physical and mental health-related quality of life. Stigma and HIV progression did not contribute to the overall outcome variables in multivariate models. Social support and self-efficacy serve as protective factors although social support was only significant with mental health-related quality of life.

IMPLICATIONS: Comorbidity, functional limitations, and lifetime victimization are risks to quality of life among older gay and bisexual men with HIV disease. Self-efficacy and social support represent intrapersonal and interpersonal resources that can be enhanced through interventions to improve health-related quality of life.

%B Gerontologist %V 53 %P 963-72 %8 2013 Dec %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1093/geront/gns191 %0 Journal Article %J Subst Use Misuse %D 2013 %T The role of gender in the association between child maltreatment and substance use behavior: a systematic review of longitudinal research from 1995 to 2011. %A Kristman-Valente, Allison %A Wells, Elizabeth A %K Adult Survivors of Child Abuse %K Child %K Child Abuse %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Sex Characteristics %K Sex Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %X

This systematic review analyzes the role of gender in the association between childhood maltreatment and substance use outcomes, among longitudinal papers published between 1995 and 2011. Ten papers examined gender as a moderating variable. Results on gender differences were mixed. When studies that found no gender effects were compared with studies that did identify gender effects, differences in measurement, sample composition, and developmental timing of outcomes were identified. This review also examines how gender effects are assessed. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. Areas for future research are identified.

%B Subst Use Misuse %V 48 %P 645-60 %8 2013 Jun %G eng %N 8 %R 10.3109/10826084.2013.800115 %0 Journal Article %J Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci %D 2012 %T Race/Ethnic and Nativity Disparities in Child Overweight in the United States and England. %A Martinson, Melissa L %A McLanahan, Sara %A Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne %X

Child overweight is a growing problem in wealthy countries. There is also evidence that child overweight varies by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. In this article, the authors use data from two recent birth cohort studies in the United States and England to address four questions: (1) Are race/ethnic and immigrant status associated with child overweight? (2) Is the association between socioeconomic status and child overweight similar across race/ethnic and nativity subgroups? (3) Does the age of immigrant mothers at migration moderate the association between immigrant status and child overweight? and (4) Does maternal obesity mediate the association between race/ethnicity and nativity and child overweight? Findings indicate that (1) race/ethnicity and immigrant status are risk factors for child overweight in both countries, (2) the influence of socioeconomic status differs by subgroup, (3) mother's age at migration does not moderate the association, and (4) mother's obesity mediates some of the race/ethnic disparities in child overweight.

%B Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci %V 643 %P 219-238 %8 2012 Sep %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1177/0002716212445750 %0 Journal Article %J Race Justice %D 2012 %T Racial Disparity in Police Contacts. %A Crutchfield, Robert D %A Skinner, Martie L %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A McGlynn, Anne %A Catalano, Richard F %X

Criminologists agree the race disparity in arrests cannot be fully explained by differences in criminal behavior. We examine social environment factors that may lead to racial differences in police contact in early adolescence, including family, peers, school, and community. Data are from 331 8th-grade students. Blacks were almost twice as likely as Whites to report a police contact. Blacks reported more property crime but not more violent crime than Whites. Police contacts were increased by having a parent who had been arrested, a sibling involved in criminal activity, higher observed reward for negative behavior, having school disciplinary actions, and knowing adults who engaged in substance abuse or criminal behavior. Race differences in police contacts were partially attributable to more school discipline.

%B Race Justice %V 2 %8 2012 Jul 1 %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1177/2153368712448063 %0 Journal Article %J Child Maltreat %D 2012 %T Response to the Barth commentary (2012). %A Spieker, Susan J %A Oxford, Monica L %A Kelly, Jean F %A Nelson, Elizabeth M %A Fleming, Charles B %K Adult %K Caregivers %K Child Abuse %K Crying %K Female %K Humans %K Infant Behavior %K Infant Care %K Infant, Newborn %K Male %K Parenting %K Pitch Perception %K Saliva %K Salivary alpha-Amylases %B Child Maltreat %V 17 %P 291-4 %8 2012 Nov %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1177/1077559512467396 %0 Journal Article %J Addict Behav %D 2012 %T Review of risk and protective factors of substance use and problem use in emerging adulthood. %A Stone, Andrea L %A Becker, Linda G %A Huber, Alice M %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adult %K Behavior, Addictive %K Family %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Residence Characteristics %K Risk Factors %K Social Facilitation %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

This review examines the evidence for longitudinal predictors of substance use and abuse in emerging adulthood. Nationally representative data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug use and Health suggest that many substance use problems reach their peak prevalence during emerging adulthood (usually defined as the period from age 18 to age 26). This stage of development is characterized by rapid transitions into new social contexts that involve greater freedom and less social control than experienced during adolescence. Concurrent with this newfound independence is an increase in rates of substance use and abuse. Understanding the risk and protective factors associated with emerging adult substance use problems is an important step in developing interventions targeting those problems. While multiple reviews have examined risk and protective factors for substance use during adolescence, and many of these earlier predictors may predict emerging adult substance use, few studies have focused primarily on the emerging adult outcomes examining predictors from both adolescence and emerging adulthood. This review used the databases PubMed and PsycInfo to identify articles pertaining to longitudinal predictors of substance use problems in emerging adulthood, building from the conceptual framework presented in a review on risk and protective factors for adolescent substance abuse by Hawkins and colleagues (Hawkins, Catalano, & Miller, 1992). Predictors identified as predictors of substance use in adolescence, sometimes decreased in strength and in one case reversed direction. Unique predictors in emerging adulthood were also identified. Implications for prevention science during adolescence and emerging adulthood are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.

%B Addict Behav %V 37 %P 747-75 %8 2012 Jul %G eng %N 7 %R 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.014 %0 Journal Article %J Am J Prev Med %D 2012 %T Risk versus direct protective factors and youth violence: Seattle Social Development Project. %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Lee, Jungeun %A Hawkins, J D %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Family Relations %K Female %K Humans %K Juvenile Delinquency %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Multivariate Analysis %K Peer Group %K Regression Analysis %K Residence Characteristics %K Risk Factors %K Violence %K Washington %X

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have examined predictors of youth violence associated with the individual child, the family, school, and the surrounding neighborhood or community. However, few studies have examined predictors using a systematic approach to differentiate and compare risk and direct protective factors.

PURPOSE: This study examines risk and protective factors associated with youth violence in an ongoing longitudinal panel study of 808 students from 18 Seattle public elementary schools followed since 1985 when they were in 5th grade. Predictors span the individual, family, school, peer, and neighborhood domains.

METHODS: Data were collected annually, beginning in 1985, to age 16 years, and then again at age 18 years. This paper provides findings of analyses in which continuous predictor variables, measured at ages 10-12 years, were trichotomized to reflect a risk end of the variable, a direct protective end, and a middle category of scores. Youth violence was measured at ages 13-14 years and 15-18 years.

RESULTS: Bivariate analyses of risk and direct protective factors identified the following predictors of violence at ages 13-14 years and 15-18 years. Risk for violence was increased by earlier antisocial behavior (e.g., prior violence, truancy, nonviolent delinquency), attention problems, family conflict, low school commitment, and living in a neighborhood where young people were in trouble. Direct protective factors at ages 10-12 years include a low level of attention problems, low risk-taking, refusal skills, school attachment, and low access and exposure to marijuana at ages 10-12 years. Multivariate regressions showed neighborhood risk factors to be among the most salient and consistent predictors of violence after accounting for all other variables in the tested models.

CONCLUSIONS: Relatively few direct protective factors were identified in these statistical tests, suggesting the need for further review and possible refinement of the measures and methods that were applied. Implications provide important information for programs and policy.

%B Am J Prev Med %V 43 %P S41-56 %8 2012 Aug %G eng %N 2 Suppl 1 %R 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.04.030 %0 Journal Article %J Arch Sex Behav %D 2012 %T Risky sex: interactions among ethnicity, sexual sensation seeking, sexual inhibition, and sexual excitation. %A Nguyen, Hong V %A Koo, Kelly H %A Davis, Kelly Cue %A Otto, Jacqueline M %A Hendershot, Christian S %A Schacht, Rebecca L %A George, William H %A Heiman, Julia R %A Norris, Jeanette %K Adult %K African Americans %K Asian Americans %K Condoms %K Ethnic Groups %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Male %K Risk Factors %K Sexual Behavior %K Sexuality %K Sexually Transmitted Diseases %K United States %K Unsafe Sex %X

Rates of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, vary across ethnic minority groups, yet few studies have evaluated sexual risk behaviors and their psychological correlates to determine if risk and protective factors vary by ethnicity. The purpose of the current study was to assess sexual sensation seeking (SSS), sexual inhibition (SIS1 and SIS2), and sexual excitation (SES) as correlates of risky sexual behaviors in 106 (55 male and 51 female) Asian Americans, African Americans, and Caucasian Americans. Results revealed that higher SSS was associated with more vaginal and anal sex partners. Further, the association between SSS and the number of anal sex partners was positive among Asian Americans and Caucasians, but non-significant among African Americans. SIS1 was positively associated with unprotected sex on the first date among Asian Americans and African Americans. However, the association was not significant for Caucasians. SIS2 was negatively associated with general unprotected sex, and SES was positively associated with the number of vaginal sex partners. Findings suggest that ethnicity plays an important moderating role in the relationship between sexual traits and risky sexual behaviors.

%B Arch Sex Behav %V 41 %P 1231-9 %8 2012 Oct %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1007/s10508-012-9904-z %0 Journal Article %J Soc Work Res %D 2012 %T The role of educational aspirations and expectations in the discontinuity of intergenerational low-income status between generations %A Lee, Jungeun O %A Hill, Karl G %A Hawkins, J D %X

The present study investigates one potential mechanism mediating continuity and discontinuity in low-income status across generations: children's educational aspirations and expectations. Data are drawn from a community sample of 808 students followed from age 10 into their 30s. Four subgroups of trajectories of children's educational expectations and aspirations were identified from ages 10 to 18: a "stable high" group, a "stable low" group, an "increaser" group, and a "decreaser" group. Among youths from low-income families, those in the stable high educational aspirations and expectations group and the increaser group were equally likely to graduate from high school. High school graduation was positively associated with level of total household income at age 30. Findings suggest that social work efforts that support the development of high educational aspirations and expectations in children may serve to reduce the intergenerational continuity of low-income status.

%B Soc Work Res %V 36 %8 2012 Jun 1 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1093/swr/svs025 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2012 %T Romantic relationship characteristics and alcohol use: longitudinal associations with dual method contraception use. %A Bailey, Jennifer A %A Fleming, Charles B %A Catalano, Richard F %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Manhart, Lisa E %K Adult %K Age Factors %K Alcohol Drinking %K Contraception %K Contraception Behavior %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Linear Models %K Male %K Multivariate Analysis %K Sexual Behavior %K Sexually Transmitted Diseases %K Time Factors %K Young Adult %X

PURPOSE: Dual method contraception use, or the use of one type of contraceptive intended to prevent pregnancy combined with another type intended to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infection, may be the most effective method to prevent both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection. This study tested the association between relationship length, relationship type (married, cohabiting, dating but not cohabiting), global alcohol use, and situational alcohol use and the probability of dual method contraception use from 20 to 23 years of age.

METHODS: Hierarchical linear modeling analyses were conducted using longitudinal data from 754 sexually active male and female young adults aged 20-23 years. Dependent variables included both any dual method contraception use and consistent dual method contraception use.

RESULTS: Between 15% and 20% of respondents reported consistent dual method contraception use at each time point. Longer relationship length and more committed relationship type were associated with a lower probability of both any and consistent dual method contraception use. Situational alcohol use (drinking before sex), but not global alcohol use, also was related to a lower probability of both any and consistent dual method contraception use. Increasing age was associated with a lower probability of any dual method contraception use, but was not related to consistent dual method use.

CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to promote dual method contraception among young adults should include messages discouraging drinking before sex and supporting dual method use even in the context of committed relationships.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 50 %P 450-5 %8 2012 May %G eng %N 5 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.09.008 %0 Journal Article %J Gen Hosp Psychiatry %D 2011 %T Racial differences in the prevalence of antenatal depression. %A Gavin, Amelia R %A Melville, Jennifer L %A Rue, Tessa %A Guo, Yuqing %A Dina, Karen Tabb %A Katon, Wayne J %K Adult %K Depression %K Female %K Health Status Disparities %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Pregnancy %K Prenatal Care %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K United States %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether there were racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of antenatal depression based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnostic criteria in a community-based sample of pregnant women.

METHOD: Data were drawn from an ongoing registry of pregnant women receiving prenatal care at a university obstetric clinic from January 2004 through March 2010 (N =1997). Logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic, psychiatric, behavioral and clinical characteristics were used to examine racial/ethnic differences in antenatal depression as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire.

RESULTS: Overall, 5.1% of the sample reported antenatal depression. Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders were at increased risk for antenatal depression compared to non-Hispanic White women. This increased risk of antenatal depression among Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders remained after adjustment for a variety of risk factors.

CONCLUSION: Results suggest the importance of race/ethnicity as a risk factor for antenatal depression. Prevention and treatment strategies geared toward the mental health needs of Black and Asian/Pacific Islander women are needed to reduce the racial/ethnic disparities in antenatal depression.

%B Gen Hosp Psychiatry %V 33 %P 87-93 %8 2011 Mar-Apr %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.11.012 %0 Journal Article %J J Fam Issues %D 2011 %T "Raising Him … to Pull His Own Weight": Boys' Household Work in Single- Mother Households. %A Berridge, Clara W %A Romich, Jennifer L %X

In this study, the authors examine boys' household work in low- and moderate-income single-mother families. Through describing the work that boys do, why they do this work, and the meaning that they and their mothers give to this work, they add to the understanding of housework as an arena for gender role reproduction or interruption. Their data reveal that adolescent boys did a significant amount of work and took pride in their competence. Mothers grounded their expectations of boys' household contributions in life experience. They both needed their sons' day-to-day contributions and wanted their sons to grow into men who were competent around the house and good partners. In demanding household work from their sons, these single mothers themselves work to undermine the traditional gendered division of such labor.

%B J Fam Issues %V 32 %P 157-180 %8 2011 Feb %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1177/0192513X10380832 %0 Journal Article %J Psychol Addict Behav %D 2011 %T Randomized controlled trial of motivational enhancement therapy with nontreatment-seeking adolescent cannabis users: a further test of the teen marijuana check-up. %A Walker, Denise D %A Stephens, Robert %A Roffman, Roger %A Demarce, Josephine %A Lozano, Brian %A Towe, Sheri %A Berg, Belinda %K Adolescent %K Behavior Therapy %K Female %K Humans %K Interview, Psychological %K Male %K Marijuana Abuse %K Marijuana Smoking %K Motivation %K Psychotherapy, Brief %K Treatment Outcome %X

Cannabis use adversely affects adolescents and interventions that are attractive to adolescents are needed. This trial compared the effects of a brief motivational intervention for cannabis use with a brief educational feedback control and a no-assessment control. Participants were randomized into one of three treatment conditions: Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET), Educational Feedback Control (EFC), or Delayed Feedback Control (DFC). Those who were assigned to MET and EFC were administered a computerized baseline assessment immediately following randomization and completed assessments at the 3- and 12-month follow-up periods. Participants in the DFC condition were not assessed until the 3-month follow-up. Following the completion of treatment sessions, all participants were offered up to four optional individual treatment sessions aimed at cessation of cannabis use. The research was conducted in high schools in Seattle, Washington. The participant s included 310 self-referred adolescents who smoked cannabis regularly. The main outcome measures included days of cannabis use, associated negative consequences, and engagement in additional treatment. At the 3-month follow-up, participants in both the MET and EFC conditions reported significantly fewer days of cannabis use and negative consequences compared to those in the DFC. The frequency of cannabis use was less in MET relative to EFC at 3 months, but it did not translate to differences in negative consequences. Reductions in use and problems were sustained at 12 months, but there were no differences between MET and EFC interventions. Engagement in additional treatment was minimal and did not differ by condition. Brief interventions can attract adolescent cannabis users and have positive impacts on them, but the mechanisms of the effects are yet to be identified.

%B Psychol Addict Behav %V 25 %P 474-84 %8 2011 Sep %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1037/a0024076 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2011 %T Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use in washington state, the United States and Victoria, Australia: a longitudinal study. %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Heerde, Jessica A %A Herrenkohl, Todd I %A Patton, George C %A Toumbourou, John W %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Cross-Cultural Comparison %K Female %K Harm Reduction %K Health Behavior %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Parent-Child Relations %K Peer Group %K Social Environment %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Victoria %K Washington %X

PURPOSE: To compare the levels of risk and protective factors and the predictive influence of these factors on alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use over a 12-month follow-up period in Washington State in the United States and in Victoria, Australia.

METHOD: The study involved a longitudinal school-based survey of students drawn as a two-stage cluster sample recruited through schools, and administered in the years 2002 and 2003 in both states. The study used statewide representative samples of students in the seventh and ninth grades (n = 3,876) in Washington State and Victoria.

RESULTS: Washington State students, relative to Victorian students, had higher rates of cannabis use but lower rates of alcohol and tobacco use at time 1. Levels of risk and protective factors showed few but important differences that contribute to the explanation of differences in substance use; Washington State students, relative to Victorian students, reported higher religiosity (odds ratio, .96 vs. .79) and availability of handguns (odds ratio, 1.23 vs. 1.18), but less favorable peer, community, and parental attitudes to substance use. The associations with substance use at follow-up are generally comparable, but in many instances were weaker in Washington State.

CONCLUSIONS: Levels of risk and protective factors and their associations with substance use at follow-up were mostly similar in the two states. Further high-quality longitudinal studies to establish invariance in the relations between risk and protective factors and substance use in adolescence across diverse countries are warranted.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 49 %P 312-20 %8 2011 Sep %G eng %N 3 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.017 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2011 %T The role of maternal early-life and later-life risk factors on offspring low birth weight: Findings from a three-generational study. %A Gavin, Amelia R %A Hill, Karl G %A Hawkins, J D %A Maas, Carl %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adult %K Alcohol Drinking %K Birth Weight %K Child Abuse %K Child of Impaired Parents %K Depression %K Female %K Humans %K Infant, Low Birth Weight %K Infant, Newborn %K Intergenerational Relations %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Obesity %K Risk Factors %K Smoking %K Social Class %X

PURPOSE: This study examined three research questions: (1) Is there an association between maternal early-life economic disadvantage and the birth weight of later-born offspring? (2) Is there an association between maternal abuse in childhood and the birth weight of later-born offspring? (3) To what extent are these early-life risks mediated through adolescent and adult substance use, mental and physical health status, and adult socioeconomic status (SES)?

METHODS: Analyses used structural equation modeling to examine data from two longitudinal studies, which included three generations. The first generation (G1) and the second generation (G2) were enrolled in the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP), and the third generation (G3) was enrolled in the SSDP Intergenerational Project. Data for the study (N = 136) focused on (G2) mothers enrolled in the SSDP and their children (G3).

RESULTS: Analyses revealed that G2 low childhood SES predicted G3 offspring birth weight. Early childhood abuse among G2 respondents predicted G3 offspring birth weight through a mediated pathway including G2 adolescent substance use and G2 prenatal substance use. Birth weight was unrelated to maternal adult SES, depression, or obesity.

CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the effect of maternal early-life risks of low childhood SES and child maltreatment on later-born offspring birth weight. These findings have far-reaching effects on the cumulative risk associated with early-life economic disadvantage and childhood maltreatment. Such findings encourage policies and interventions that enhance child health at birth by taking the mother's own early-life and development into account.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 49 %P 166-71 %8 2011 Aug %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.246 %0 Journal Article %J J Rural Health %D 2011 %T Rural adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use: a comparison of students in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States. %A Coomber, Kerri %A Toumbourou, John W %A Miller, Peter %A Staiger, Petra K %A Hemphill, Sheryl A %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Alcoholism %K Child %K Female %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Rural Population %K Self Report %K Smoking %K Social Class %K Street Drugs %K Victoria %K Washington %X

PURPOSE: There are inconsistent research findings regarding the impact of rurality on adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substance use. Therefore, the current study reports on the effect of rurality on alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among adolescents in 2 state representative samples in 2 countries, Washington State (WA) in the United States and Victoria (VIC) in Australia.

PARTICIPANTS: The International Youth Development Study (IYDS) recruited representative samples of students from Grade 7 (aged 12 to 13 years) and Grade 9 (aged 14 to 15) in both states. A total of 3,729 students responded to questions about alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other illicit substance use (n(VIC) = 1,852; n(WA) = 1,877). In each state, males and females were equally represented and ages ranged from 12 to 15 years.

METHODS: Data were analyzed to compare lifetime and current (past 30 days) substance use for students located in census areas classified as urban, large or small town, and rural. Findings were adjusted for school clustering and weighted to compare prevalence at median age 14 years.

FINDINGS: Rates of lifetime and current alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use were significantly higher in rural compared to urban students in both states (odds ratio for current substance use = 1.31).

CONCLUSIONS: In both Washington State and Victoria, early adolescent rural students use substances more frequently than their urban counterparts. Future studies should examine factors that place rural adolescents at risk for alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use.

%B J Rural Health %V 27 %P 409-15 %8 2011 Winter %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2010.00360.x %0 Journal Article %J Public Health Rep %D 2010 %T Racial/ethnic differences in the association between obesity and major depressive disorder: findings from the Comprehensive Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. %A Gavin, Amelia R %A Rue, Tessa %A Takeuchi, David %K Adult %K Age Distribution %K Comorbidity %K Depressive Disorder, Major %K Emigrants and Immigrants %K Female %K Health Surveys %K Humans %K Logistic Models %K Male %K Middle Aged %K Obesity %K Prevalence %K Risk Factors %K Sex Distribution %K United States %X

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether the association between obesity and 12-month prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) varied according to racial/ethnic status and nativity in representative national samples of black, Latino, Asian, and non-Hispanic white people.

METHODS: We used data from the Comprehensive Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys.

RESULTS: In analyses by gender, obesity was associated with an elevated risk of MDD among non-Hispanic white women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27, 2.35; p = 0.001). Formal test for interaction revealed significant variation by race present between non-Hispanic white women and black, Latin, and Asian women. No significant differences were evident among men. In analyses by nativity, the association between obesity and MDD was significant among U.S.-born non-Hispanic white women (AOR=1.62; 95% CI 1.16, 2.27; p = 0.001) and U.S.-born black women (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.01, 1.66; p = 0.041). Significant interactions were present among U.S.-born white and black women, Latin women, and Asian women. No significant interactions were evident among foreign-born women. Similarly, no significant differences were present among native-born or foreign-born men.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the association between obesity and MDD varies according to racial/ethnic status and nativity. Understanding the link between obesity and depression may be imperative to designing interventions to address body weight maintenance and reduction strategies among women.

%B Public Health Rep %V 125 %P 698-708 %8 2010 Sep-Oct %G eng %N 5 %0 Journal Article %J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %D 2010 %T Reconceptualizing the classification of PNAS articles. %A Airoldi, Edoardo M %A Erosheva, Elena A %A Fienberg, Stephen E %A Joutard, Cyrille %A Love, Tanzy %A Shringarpure, Suyash %K Classification %K Methods %K National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) %K Periodicals as Topic %K Publications %K Statistics as Topic %K United States %X

PNAS article classification is rooted in long-standing disciplinary divisions that do not necessarily reflect the structure of modern scientific research. We reevaluate that structure using latent pattern models from statistical machine learning, also known as mixed-membership models, that identify semantic structure in co-occurrence of words in the abstracts and references. Our findings suggest that the latent dimensionality of patterns underlying PNAS research articles in the Biological Sciences is only slightly larger than the number of categories currently in use, but it differs substantially in the content of the categories. Further, the number of articles that are listed under multiple categories is only a small fraction of what it should be. These findings together with the sensitivity analyses suggest ways to reconceptualize the organization of papers published in PNAS.

%B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %V 107 %P 20899-904 %8 2010 Dec 7 %G eng %N 49 %R 10.1073/pnas.1013452107 %0 Journal Article %J Adm Policy Ment Health %D 2010 %T The relationship between outpatient mental health treatment and subsequent mental health symptoms and disorders in young adults. %A Van Dorn, Richard A %A Kosterman, Rick %A Williams, James H %A Chandler, Kristen %A Young, M S %A Catalano, Richard F %A Hawkins, J D %K Adult %K Ambulatory Care %K Community Mental Health Services %K Female %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Mental Disorders %K Young Adult %X

The objective of this study was to evaluate community-based outpatient mental health services for young adults. Participants were interviewed at ages 21, 24, 27, and 30. Outcomes included: (1) symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, social phobia, dysthymia and post traumatic stress individually and as a global scale; and (2) a dichotomous diagnosis variable inclusive of all above disorders. Treatment was indicated by an outpatient visit to a psychiatrist or other professional. Treatment did not reduce mental disorder or symptoms. Substance use, violence, poverty, community disorganization, and family history of antisocial behavior increased risks for negative outcomes, while social support was protective. The absence of positive findings associated with outpatient treatment is troubling given the empirically supported interventions for the conditions examined. Practitioners, agencies, and managed care organizations share a responsibility to implement effective and comprehensive interventions.

%B Adm Policy Ment Health %V 37 %P 484-96 %8 2010 Nov %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10488-010-0291-2 %0 Journal Article %J J Youth Adolesc %D 2010 %T Relationships between level and change in family, school, and peer factors during two periods of adolescence and problem behavior at age 19. %A Fleming, Charles B %A Catalano, Richard F %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Abbott, Robert D %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Antisocial Personality Disorder %K Child %K Child Behavior Disorders %K Conflict (Psychology) %K Crime %K Family %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Male %K Parent-Child Relations %K Peer Group %K Risk Factors %K Schools %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

While prior research has examined family, school, and peer factors as potential predictors of problem behavior, less attention has been given to studying when these factors are most predictive of problems and if and when changes in these factors signal risk. Using annual data on a community sample of 1,040 individuals (47% female; 81% White), this study models growth in risk and protective factors during two developmental periods (Grades 5-8 and Grades 9-12) in order to predict substance misuse and crime at age 19. For protective factors of positive relationships with family and positive bonds to school, both the levels of these factors at Grade 5 and change between Grade 5 and Grade 8 predicted substance misuse and crime in early adulthood. Higher likelihoods of both forms of problem behavior also were predicted by increases in the risk factor of exposure to negative peers between 5th and 8th grade. In the late adolescent period, levels at 9th grade of all risk and protective factors examined predicted both substance misuse and crime. Also, increases in exposure to negative peers in late adolescence predicted greater likelihoods of both forms of problem behavior, while greater risk of substance misuse was predicted by decreases in school bonding and academic achievement, and greater risk of crime was predicted by worsening relationships with family. The results add to prior research by indicating that in addition to the level, change in risk and protective factors during these two stages of development can be signals of risk and are promising targets for intervention.

%B J Youth Adolesc %V 39 %P 670-82 %8 2010 Jun %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s10964-010-9526-5 %0 Journal Article %J J Adolesc Health %D 2010 %T A review of positive youth development programs that promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health. %A Gavin, Loretta E %A Catalano, Richard F %A David-Ferdon, Corinne %A Gloppen, Kari M %A Markham, Christine M %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Adolescent Development %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Reproductive Behavior %K Sexual Behavior %X

PURPOSE: Positive youth development (PYD) may be a promising strategy for promoting adolescent health. A systematic review of the published data was conducted to identify and describe PYD programs that improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health.

METHODS: Eight databases were searched for articles about PYD programs published between 1985 and 2007. Programs included met the following criteria: fostered at least one of 12 PYD goals in multiple socialization domains (i.e., family, school, community) or addressed two or more goals in at least one socialization domain; allocated at least half of the program activities to promoting general PYD outcomes (as compared with a focus on direct sexual health content); included youth younger than 20 years old; and used an experimental or quasi-experimental evaluation design.

RESULTS: Thirty programs met the inclusion criteria, 15 of which had evidence of improving at least one adolescent sexual and reproductive health outcome. Program effects were moderate and well-sustained. Program goals addressed by approximately 50% or more of the effective programs included promoting prosocial bonding, cognitive competence, social competence, emotional competence, belief in the future, and self-determination. Effective programs were significantly more likely than those that did not have an impact to strengthen the school context and to deliver activities in a supportive atmosphere. Effective programs were also more likely to build skills, enhance bonding, strengthen the family, engage youth in real roles and activities, empower youth, communicate expectations, and be stable and relatively long-lasting, although these differences between effective and ineffective programs were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: PYD programs can promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and tested, effective PYD programs should be part of a comprehensive approach to promoting adolescent health. However, more research is needed before a specific list of program characteristics can be viewed as a "recipe" for success.

%B J Adolesc Health %V 46 %P S75-91 %8 2010 Mar %G eng %N 3 Suppl %R 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.215 %0 Journal Article %J Public Health Rep %D 2010 %T Risk factors for HIV disease progression in a rural southwest American Indian population. %A Iralu, Jonathan %A Duran, Bonnie %A Pearson, Cynthia R %A Jiang, Yizhou %A Foley, Kevin %A Harrison, Melvin %K Alcoholism %K CD4 Lymphocyte Count %K Disease Progression %K Female %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Indians, North American %K Male %K Medication Adherence %K Medicine, Traditional %K Prisoners %K Risk Factors %K Rural Population %K Southwestern United States %K Viral Load %X

OBJECTIVES: Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression among American Indians (AIs) have been poorly characterized. We assessed the impact of socioeconomic factors and use of traditional healing on HIV disease progression in a rural AI community.

METHODS: From January 2004 through December 2006, we interviewed 36 HIV-positive AIs regarding their socioeconomic status, incarceration, and use of traditional healing. We also collected chart-abstracted adherence and substance-abuse data. Through bivariate analysis, we compared these factors with the CD4-cell counts and log HIV-1 viral loads (VLs). Using a simple regression model, we assessed interactions between the significant associations and the outcome.

RESULTS: Participant characteristics included being male (58.3%), being transgender (13.9%), having ever been incarcerated (63.9%), having a household income of < $1,000/month (41.7%), being unemployed (61.1%), being diagnosed with alcohol abuse (50.0%), and using traditional medicine (27.8%) in the last 12 months. Higher VLs were associated with recent incarceration (p < 0.05), household income of < $1,000/month (p < 0.05), and provider-assessed alcohol abuse (p < 0.05). We found an interaction between incarceration and alcohol abuse, and alcohol abuse was the factor more strongly associated with higher VLs. A lower CD4 count was associated with recent incarceration (p < 0.05) and use of traditional medicine (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol abuse is an important contributor to HIV disease progression, and participants with lower CD4 counts were more likely to use traditional medicine. HIV care among this rural AI population should focus on addressing alcohol abuse and other socioeconomic risk factors and promote collaboration between Western medical and Navajo traditional practitioners.

%B Public Health Rep %V 125 Suppl 4 %P 43-50 %8 2010 Jul-Aug %G eng %0 Journal Article %J J Stud Alcohol Drugs %D 2010 %T Romantic relationship status changes and substance use among 18- to 20-year-olds. %A Fleming, Charles B %A White, Helene R %A Oesterle, Sabrina %A Haggerty, Kevin P %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Adolescent Behavior %K Age Factors %K Depression %K Female %K Humans %K Interpersonal Relations %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Marriage %K Sexual Partners %K Single Person %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

OBJECTIVE: Changes in romantic relationship status are common in emerging adulthood and may be linked to changes in substance use. This study tested the hypothesis that entry into relationships or transitioning to a more committed status leads to decreases in substance use and that dissolution of relationships or transitioning to a less committed status results in increases in substance use.

METHOD: Data were from a community sample of 939 individuals. Substance use (heavy drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking) and relationship status (single, in a romantic relationship but not cohabiting, cohabiting, or married) were assessed at the beginning and end of three 6-month intervals between the ages of 18 and 20 years. Models were estimated to assess the association between transitions in relationship status and substance use, adjusting for prior levels of use.

RESULTS: There were increases in heavy drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking associated with dissolution of a romantic relationship, as well as increases in marijuana use and cigarette smoking associated with switching partners within a 6-month interval. Mediation analyses found some support for increases in both depressive symptoms and exposure to substance-using peers partially accounting for these associations. Decreases in substance use were not found for individuals entering into a new relationship or transitioning to a more committed relationship status. In fact, cigarette smoking increased among those who went from being single to being in a romantic relationship compared with those whose relationship status did not change.

CONCLUSIONS: Emerging adults who experience dissolution of romantic relationships or quickly move from one relationship to another experience increased substance use. Both depressive symptoms and changes in peer environments may partially account for these changes in use.

%B J Stud Alcohol Drugs %V 71 %P 847-56 %8 2010 Nov %G eng %N 6 %0 Journal Article %J J Health Soc Behav %D 2010 %T Romantic relationships and substance use in early adulthood: an examination of the influences of relationship type, partner substance use, and relationship quality. %A Fleming, Charles B %A White, Helene R %A Catalano, Richard F %K Adolescent %K Courtship %K Data Collection %K Female %K Humans %K Longitudinal Studies %K Male %K Substance-Related Disorders %K Young Adult %X

This study used longitudinal data from 909 young adults to examine associations between substance use and the status and quality of romantic relationships. Heavy alcohol use, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking, as well as relationship status, relationship quality, partner substance use, and other salient life circumstances were assessed at four time points in the two years after high school. Marriage, cohabiting relationships, and noncohabiting dating relationships were associated with reductions in heavy drinking and marijuana use relative to non-dating, after adjusting for adolescent substance use; marriage compared to not dating was associated with reductions in cigarette smoking. For those in romantic relationships, partner substance use moderated the associations between relationship quality and substance use for heavy drinking and for marijuana use, supporting the hypothesis derived from the Social Development Model that the protective effect of stronger social bonds depends on the use patterns of the partner to whom an individual is bonded.

%B J Health Soc Behav %V 51 %P 153-67 %8 2010 Jun %G eng %N 2 %0 Journal Article %J Social Service Review %D 2008 %T Research for Action: Cross-National Perspectives on Connecting Knowledge, Policy, and Practice for Children. %A Whittaker, James K. %K Chaskin, Robert J. %K Nonfiction %K Research for Action: Cross-National Perspectives on Connecting Knowledge, Policy & Practice for Children (Book) %K Rosenfeld, Jona M. %K Social work with children %X

The article reviews the book "Research for Action: Cross-National Perspectives on Connecting Knowledge, Policy, and Practice for Children," edited by Robert J. Chaskin and Jona M. Rosenfeld.

%B Social Service Review %V 82 %P 556-559 %8 09/2008 %G eng %N 3